World Ocean Assessment II, Chapter 20, Trends in the inputs of anthropogenic noise into the marine environment
2021
Širović, A. | Evans, Karen | García-Soto, Carlos | Hildebrand, J. A. | Jesus, S. M. | Miller, James H.
KEYNOTE POINTS 1. The main anthropogenic noise sources in the ocean include vessels, industrial activity, including seismic exploration and renewable energy development, and sonar. 2. Anthropogenic noise levels vary across space and time, the primary drivers being levels of human activity and propagation characteristics in the region. Noise does not persist once the sound source has been removed from the environment, although impacts can potentially persist. 3. Areas with the highest levels of anthropogenic noise are those characterized by heavy industrial use, such as the Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean. 4. Areas where anthropogenic noise is expected to increase include the Arctic, as the area opens up to shipping, and Africa, as investment in the region expands. 5. Understanding of the impacts of anthropogenic noise on marine biodiversity is increasing, in parallel with a growing recognition of the need to monitor and possibly reduce the noise entering the marine environment
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