FEATURES OF BIOELEMENTS ACCUMULATION BY FUNGI L. EDODES DURING CULTIVATION IN SUBSTRATES ENRICHED WITH Cr, Se, Ge, Fe CITRATES

The paper investigates the features of citrates Cr, Se, Ge, Fe biotransformation during the cultivation of Lentinula Edodes and their influence on the accumulation of some bioelements in order to predict the biological value, therapeutic and prophylactic properties of shiitake mushrooms. The strain of Lentinula Edodes 3790, Mycelia, Belgium, was used for the study. The substrate for L. Edodes was prepared from oak sawdust, cereal bran, sunflower husk, secondary products of soybean, flax, or hemp processing, gypsum, and chalk. The introduction of Cr, Se, Ge, Fe citrates into the substrate was carried out by moistening it with appropriate solutions until the substrates reached the content of Cr, Se, Ge citrates of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 mg/kg, and Fe citrate of 20.0, 50.0, and 100.0 mg/kg. The content of bioelements was determined by optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma. According to the research results, the enrichment of the substrate with citrates Cr, Se, Ge, Fe leads to their accumulation by shiitake mushrooms and also affects the trace element composition of mushrooms in general, but modification of the trace element composition of the substrate does not lead to the accumulation of bioelements and toxicants above the level of the maximum permissible concentration. The addition of iron citrate 20 mg/kg, selenium citrate 0.3 mg/kg and germanium citrate 0.3 mg/kg to the substrates causes an increase in the content of Chromium in mushrooms in a much larger amount than when the substrate is enriched with chromium citrate. The introduction of 0.3 mg/kg of chromium citrate provides a significant increase in the content of Germanium in mushrooms, and the enrichment of the substrate with 0.3 mg/kg of selenium citrate provides the accumulation of Germanium at the same level as when applying germanium citrate. Thus, the shiitake substrate-mushroom system is a complex system where the Le Chatelier principle can be traced, synergism and atognism of micronutrients are observed in the formation of the trace element composition of the fruiting body of the fungus, depending on the substrate composition. The study of these processes makes it possible to predictably modify the trace element composition of the fungus, enriching it with one or several biologically active trace elements. The introduction of predictable amounts of trace elements into the substrate allows L. Edodes to synthesise a balanced raw material base enriched with bioavailable trace elements for the creation of functional foods.