Evaluación y propuesta de mejora de la calidad de agua para consumo humano de la comunidad “Domingo Sabio”, Parroquia Quiroga, Cantón Cotacachi, Provincia Imbabura

This research was aimed at finding shortcomings in the water network system for human consumption in the community of Domingo Sabio, Quiroga parish, Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura province, through physical, chemical, biological and microbiological analyzes for the next comparison with the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1108:2011. The methodology used was to determine strategic points from where the water course begins, its treatment process and its distribution, 6 sampling points were taken, which were: Spring - Storage tank - Distribution tank - Initial house - Intermediate house - Final house for the community of Domingo Sabio. The results obtained that do not comply with the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1108:2011 were: Nitrites, these are important indicators of water quality and can cause gastrointestinal problems in human health. Phosphates, the excessive amount of this parameter causes algae growth, this causes an increase in nutrients in the water and makes it difficult to oxygenate the water. Residual chlorine can be very toxic to humans, causing health problems for those who consume it. Total hardness, this is due to high levels of calcium and magnesium salts found in the water, by not having any treatment for this deficiency, it causes kidney problems in the health of the population. Finally, corrective measures were developed to help reduce the parameters that are above the maximum permissible limits of the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1108:2011, and at the same time general cleaning and maintenance measures for the entire water network for human consumption in the community of Domingo Sabio.

La presente investigación se orientó en encontrar falencias en el sistema de red de agua para consumo humano de la comunidad de Domingo Sabio, parroquia Quiroga, Cantón Cotacachi, provincia de Imbabura, mediante análisis físicos, químicos, biológicos y microbiológicos para la próxima comparación con la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana INEN 1108:2011. La metodología utilizada fue determinar puntos estratégicos desde donde inicia el recorrido del agua, su proceso de tratamiento y la distribución de esta, se tomó 6 puntos de muestreo los cuales fueron: Vertiente – Tanque de almacenamiento – Tanque de distribución – Casa inicial- Casa intermedia- Casa final a la comunidad de Domingo Sabio. Los resultados obtenidos que no cumplen con la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana INEN 1108:2011 fueron: Nitritos, estos son indicadores importantes en la calidad del agua y pueden llegar a ocasionar problemas gastrointestinales en la salud humana. Fosfatos, la excesiva cantidad de este parámetro ocasiona crecimiento de algas, esto provoca aumento de nutrientes en el agua y dificulta la oxigenación del agua. Cloro residual, puede resultar muy toxico para el ser humano, generando problemas en la salud de quien consume. Dureza total, esto se debe a altos niveles de sales de calcio y magnesio que se encuentran en el agua, al no tener ningún tratamiento para esta falencia, ocasiona problemas renales en la salud de la población. Finalmente se desarrollaron medidas correctivas que ayuden a reducir los parámetros que se encuentran sobre los límites máximos permisibles de la Norma Técnica Ecuatoriana INEN 1108:2011, y a la vez medidas generales de limpieza y mantenimiento de toda la red de agua para consumo humano de la comunidad Domingo Sabio.

This research was aimed at finding shortcomings in the water network system for human consumption in the community of Domingo Sabio, Quiroga parish, Cotacachi Canton, Imbabura province, through physical, chemical, biological and microbiological analyzes for the next comparison with the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1108:2011. The methodology used was to determine strategic points from where the water course begins, its treatment process and its distribution, 6 sampling points were taken, which were: Spring - Storage tank - Distribution tank - Initial house - Intermediate house - Final house for the community of Domingo Sabio. The results obtained that do not comply with the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1108:2011 were: Nitrites, these are important indicators of water quality and can cause gastrointestinal problems in human health. Phosphates, the excessive amount of this parameter causes algae growth, this causes an increase in nutrients in the water and makes it difficult to oxygenate the water. Residual chlorine can be very toxic to humans, causing health problems for those who consume it. Total hardness, this is due to high levels of calcium and magnesium salts found in the water, by not having any treatment for this deficiency, it causes kidney problems in the health of the population. Finally, corrective measures were developed to help reduce the parameters that are above the maximum permissible limits of the Ecuadorian Technical Standard INEN 1108:2011, and at the same time general cleaning and maintenance measures for the entire water network for human consumption in the community of Domingo Sabio.