The Effects of Propolis-Incorporated Nanofibers Produced by the Electrospinning Method on Skin Wounds in Rats

Electrospinning is a widely used process in various industries to create polymeric fibers with unique properties. In the context of wound healing, electrospun nanofibers can mimic the extracellular matrix structure, promote tissue regeneration, and enhance the wound healing process. Propolis, a natural substance with various biological properties, has shown potential in promoting healthy skin and wound healing. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral effects. The study was conducted on male Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into three group. The nanopropolis group received nanopropolis applied once daily, while the ethanol extracted propolis group received applied once daily. The control group did not receive any application after the wound was formed. The researchers evaluated the wound sizes throughout the study period. Macroscopically, a gradual healing was observed in all three groups. On the 11th day, the wounds in the nanopropolis and propolis groups healed completely, while the wounds in the control group healed on the 14th day. When the wound sizes were analyzed, the nanopropolis group showed a significant decrease in wound size compared to the control group. Histopathological analysis was performed on the wound samples collected at the end of the study. Microscopically, it was observed that the epidermis layer was more regular in the propolis and nanopropolis groups compared to the control group. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that propolis-incorporated nanofibers produced by electrospinning (nanopropolis) have a positive effect on wound healing compared to propolis alone and the control group. The nanopropolis group showed a significant reduction in wound size and improved histopathological parameters. These findings highlight the potential of nanopropolis in promoting wound healing and tissue regeneration.