Diallel analysis of 12 yellow maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines for grain yield, agronomic traits, and waterlogging tolerance
2024
Elec, A.J.L.
This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and hybrid performance of 12 yellow maize inbred lines through molecular and field trial analyses. Genetic diversity was assessed using 30 SSR markers, revealing distinct clustering patterns among inbred lines. Clustering analysis based on UPGMA method revealed three primary clusters, with CML 172 appearing distantly related to other inbred lines. A partial diallel was used to evaluate 66 crosses for grain yield, agronomic traits, and waterlogging tolerance. Combined analyses of variance for field trials among entries showed highly significant differences for all traits. Loc x entry interaction was highly significant for grain yield, plant height, ear length and ear diameter. Across locations, highly significant differences due to GCA were observed for all traits. However, no significant difference due to SCA was observed. ANOVA for waterlogging tolerance among entries showed highly significant difference for chlorophyll measurements. Standard heterosis, showing at least 1% yield advantage to hybrid checks, was consistent for CML 551 x Entry 3a, CML 474 x CML 551, and CML 452 x CML 172. Both general and specific combining ability effects were found to be significant for grain yield and agronomic traits. CML 452, Entry 8c, and CML 551 exhibiting highly significant positive GCA effects for grain yield could serve as parents for hybrid development. The top three crosses for grain yield under favorable conditions were CML 551 x Entry 3a, CML 474 x CML 551, and CML 452 x CML 172 showing potential for heterosis. Moreover, top three crosses with high yield and waterlogging tolerance were CML 551 x CML 161, CML 473 x Entry 8c, and CML 452 x Entry 8c, warranting validation trials to evaluate their potential.
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