Manejo de enmiendas cálcicas y microorganismo para el control de spongospora (spongospora subterranea) en el cultivo de papa (solanum tuberosum l.) de la variedad capiro, en la parroquia de San Isidro, cantón Espejo, provincia del Carchi

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the application of calcium amendments and beneficial microorganisms as a strategy to control the incidence and severity of (Spongospora subterranea) in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops of the Capiro variety. The data to be evaluated were collected during the growth, tuberization, and harvest stages of the crop. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was applied, with eight treatments and three replications, resulting in a total of 24 experimental units. The treatments were: T1 (10 [kg ha-1] CaO)\; T2 (2 [t ha-1] of CaCO3)\; T3 (Trichoderma spp. 1x10-6)\; T4 (Bacillus subtilis 1x10-6)\; T5 (Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis [1x10-6])\; T6 ((Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis) [1x10-6] + 10 [kg ha-1] CaO)\; T7 ((Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis) [1x10-6] + 2 [t ha-1] of CaCO3)\; and T8 (absolute control). The variables under study were: plant height, incidence and severity of (Spongospora subterranea) in roots\; incidence and severity of (Spongospora subterranea) in tubers\; total yield\; and potato yield by categories: first, second, and third. Regarding the results for root incidence and severity, treatment T8 showed 19.58% and 10.10%, respectively. In terms of tuber incidence and severity, the results indicated that T2 and T8 showed 2.79% and 4.27%, respectively. In summary, and considering all variables, the best treatments were T6 and T7, with root and tuber incidence of 3.70% and 0.16%, respectively, while root and tuber severity were 1.94% and 0.48%, respectively.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal, evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de enmiendas cálcicas y microorganismos benéficos como estrategia de control de incidencia y severidad de (Spongospora subterranea) en el cultivo de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) de la variedad Capiro. Los datos a ser evaluados fueron tomados durante el crecimiento, la tuberización y cosecha del cultivo. Se aplicó el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar (DBCA), con ocho tratamientos y tres repeticiones, con un total de 24 unidades experimentales. Los tratamientos fueron: T1 (10 [kg ha-1 ] CaO); T2 (2 [t ha-1 ] de CaCO3); T3 (Trichoderma spp. 1x10-6 ); T4 (Bacillus subtilis 1x10-6 ); T5 (Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis [1x10-6 ]); T6 ((Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis) [1x10-6 ] + 10 [kg ha-1 ] CaO); T7 (Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis) [1x10-6 ] + 2 [t ha-1 ] de CaCO3); y T8 (Testigo absoluto). Las variables en estudio fueron: altura de plantas, incidencia y severidad de (Spongospora subterranea) en raíz; incidencia y severidad de (Spongospora subterranea) en tubérculos; rendimiento total; y rendimiento de papa por categorías: primera, segunda y tercera. Con respecto a los resultados de incidencia y severidad en raíz, el tratamiento T8 presentó 19,58% y 10,10% respectivamente; en cuanto a la incidencia y severidad en tubérculos, los resultados arrojaron que T2 y T8, presentan 2,79% y 4,27% respectivamente. En resumen y considerando todas las variables, los mejores tratamientos son T6 y T7, con incidencia en raíces y tubérculos de 3,70% y 0,16% respectivamente, mientras que la severidad en raíces y tubérculos fue de 1,94% y 0,48% respectivo.

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of the application of calcium amendments and beneficial microorganisms as a strategy to control the incidence and severity of (Spongospora subterranea) in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops of the Capiro variety. The data to be evaluated were collected during the growth, tuberization, and harvest stages of the crop. A completely randomized block design (CRBD) was applied, with eight treatments and three replications, resulting in a total of 24 experimental units. The treatments were: T1 (10 [kg ha-1] CaO); T2 (2 [t ha-1] of CaCO3); T3 (Trichoderma spp. 1x10-6); T4 (Bacillus subtilis 1x10-6); T5 (Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis [1x10-6]); T6 ((Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis) [1x10-6] + 10 [kg ha-1] CaO); T7 ((Trichoderma spp. + Bacillus subtilis) [1x10-6] + 2 [t ha-1] of CaCO3); and T8 (absolute control). The variables under study were: plant height, incidence and severity of (Spongospora subterranea) in roots; incidence and severity of (Spongospora subterranea) in tubers; total yield; and potato yield by categories: first, second, and third. Regarding the results for root incidence and severity, treatment T8 showed 19.58% and 10.10%, respectively. In terms of tuber incidence and severity, the results indicated that T2 and T8 showed 2.79% and 4.27%, respectively. In summary, and considering all variables, the best treatments were T6 and T7, with root and tuber incidence of 3.70% and 0.16%, respectively, while root and tuber severity were 1.94% and 0.48%, respectively.