Insight on the impacts of brassinosteroid- and seaweed-based biostimulants on glyphosate-resistant commercial crop growth, yield and soil microorganisms: A scoping review
2025
Globally, compliance with the chemical regulations on the use of herbicides, particularly glyphosate, remains a challenge. Glyphosate controls various broadleaf, annual, and perennial grasses in the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Although glyphosate targets weeds, it can also influence non-target soil microorganisms and high-value plants through earlyseason broadcast, pre-plant application, or indirectly via foliar application by droplets falling to the ground. In plants, glyphosate impacts various physiological and physiochemical processes, inhibits auxin transport, and enhances auxin oxidation in plants. Hence, biostimulants serve as a gateway in alleviating such problems. Biostimulants are agricultural products manufactured from natural materials that contain active compounds, which stimulate growth when applied in minute volumes under different growth conditions. In the past, a major focus was directed toward biostimulants' effects on commercial crops under abiotic stress conditions such as drought, heat, and salinity. However, less emphasis has been placed on the stress caused by herbicide applications. Therefore, this review focuses on future studies to explore brassinosteroid and seaweed-based biostimulants' impact on glyphosate-resistant commercial crop growth and soil microorganisms. Conclusions and recommendations could be reached using the pool of research material, which consists of research articles, reviews, book chapters, theses, research short communications, and industrial short communications from at least the last ten years.
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