Mixed Plant Viral Infections: Complementation, Interference and Their Effects, a Review
2025
Monica R. Sánchez-Tovar | Rafael F. Rivera-Bustamante | Diana L. Saavedra-Trejo | Ramón Gerardo Guevara-González | Irineo Torres-Pacheco
Viral diseases are a frequent problem in the agricultural sector, causing significant economic losses, so their management is a constant challenge for producers and researchers. One of the factors that often complicates the control of viral diseases in plants is mixed infections, which occur when two or more viruses are present in a plant, generating a complex expression of symptoms. During a mixed infection, the following types of interactions basically occur: complementation and interference, the effect of which produces synergism, antagonism, or no effect. However, there are also subcategories of effects. This makes early detection difficult, and this infection can also give a competitive advantage to the pathogens involved. This review presents updated information on mixed viral infections in plants, the interaction categories, the severity of symptoms, and the impact on plants and vectors. The intention is to share information to better understand the etiology of the diseases.
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