Diffusible Signal Factors and <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i>: A Crucial Mechanism Yet to Be Revealed
2025
Letizia Portaccio | Marzia Vergine | Mariarosaria De Pascali | Luigi De Bellis | Andrea Luvisi
<i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> (<i>Xf</i>) is a xylem-limited Gram-negative phytopathogen responsible for severe plant diseases globally. Colonization and dissemination on host plants are regulated primarily by diffusible signal factors (DSFs) and quorum sensing (QS) molecules regulating biofilm formation, motility, and virulence factor synthesis. DSFs play a critical role in the transition of bacteria from adhesion to dispersal phases, influencing plant infection and transmission by vector. Because of <i>Xf</i>’s host range (over 550 plant species), effective containment strategies are highly demanded. In this review, we discuss the molecular mechanism of DSF-mediated signalling in <i>Xf</i>, especially concerning its role in pathogenicity and adaptation. Moreover, we shed light on innovative approaches to manage <i>Xf</i>, including quorum-quenching (QQ) strategies and transgenic plants targeted to disrupt QS pathways. Improved knowledge of DSF interactions with host plants and bacterial communities could provide an entry point for novel, sustainable disease control strategies to decrease <i>Xf</i>’s agricultural and ecological impact.
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