The Mining of Candidate Genes Involved in the Camphor Biosynthesis Pathway of <i>Cinnamomum camphora</i>
2025
Yan Yang | Shengcai Zhou | Mingyang Ni | Yuting Zhang | Shixiong Lin | Junhong Zhang | Zaikang Tong
<i>Cinnamomum camphora</i> is widely cultivated for its camphor in essential oil (EO), which is used in pharmaceutical industries. However, the candidate genes for the camphor biosynthesis pathway are unknown. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to identify differences in the composition of camphor- and linalool-type camphor EOs and in conjunction with transcriptional analysis to identify terpene biosynthesis-related genes. The GC-MS analysis of <i>C. camphora</i> revealed 67 chemical components, including 32 monoterpenes and 35 sesquiterpenes, with camphor-type leaves dominated by camphor and linalool-type leaves by linalool. Transcriptome analysis revealed 6499 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between camphor- and linalool-type <i>C. camphora</i>, with 4244 upregulated and 2255 downregulated in the camphor-type. GO enrichment highlighted DEGs involved in monoterpene biosynthesis, cell wall organization, and membrane-related processes. KEGG analysis identified pathways such as monoterpenoid, diterpenoid, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis as significantly enriched. Furthermore, DEGs encoding <i>TPS</i>, dehydrogenases, and transcription factors, which might contribute to the terpenoid diversity in <i>C. camphora</i>, were identified. Twenty-one candidate genes involved in the camphor biosynthesis pathway were identified, providing a foundation for further elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying camphor production in <i>C. camphora.</i>
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