Dry matter content during extension of twigs, buds and leaves reflects hydraulic status related to earlywood vessel development in Quercus pyrenaica Willd.
2018
Guada, Guillermo | García-González, Ignacio | Pérez de Lis Castro, Gonzalo | Vázquez-Ruiz, Rosa Ana | Montserrat-Martí, Gabriel | Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [España] = University of Santiago de Compostela [Spain] = Université de Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle [Espagne] (USC) | SILVA (SILVA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL) | Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC) ; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain] (CSIC) | Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation BFU-2010-21451 ; Xunta de Galicia 10MDS291009PR ; FPI program by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity BES-2011-050172 ; Department of Culture, Education and University Management (Xunta de Galicia) 2015/008, I.G. 1809-BIOAPLIC
A quantitative method was tested to describe crown phenophases in relation to water content and to secondary growth in ring-porous species, based on the hypothesis that new shoots require hydrated tissues to maintain the necessary turgor for extension, leading to a reduction in dry matter content (DMC).We collected a three-year-old branch from 11 Quercus pyrenaica Willd. trees at 10-day intervals to estimate DMC of newly developing buds, leaves, and twigs, and processed two opposite stem microcores for xylogenesis. Branch phenophases and shoot length were recorded in the field. The DMC of all organs decreased during crown development, with a minimum in early June, followed by a gradual increase up to initial values in late September. The shoot extension period concurred with the lowest DMC, but also with the beginning of earlywood maturation in the main stem, suggesting a high tissue hydration only when earlywood vessels become functional to fulfill enough water requirements for shoot and leaf extension.These results confirm the usefulness of DMC to accurately quantify the phenology of primary growth from bud swelling up to full leaf extension, as a complement to qualitative methods. This variation in DMC appears to be linked to secondary growth as a result of earlywood vessel development.
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