Urban Parks and Native Trees: A Profitable Strategy for Carbon Sequestration and Climate Resilience

Urban green spaces are increasingly recognized for their potential to mitigate climate change by reducing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide (CO₂). However, enhancing carbon sequestration efficiency in limited urban green areas remains a significant challenge for sustainable urban planning. Trees are among the most cost-effective and efficient natural carbon sinks, surpassing other types of land cover in terms CO₂ absorption and storage. The present study aimed to evaluate the carbon sequestration potential of four native tree species, <i>Pongamia pinnata</i>, <i>Azadirachta indica</i>, <i>Melia azedarach</i>, and <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i>, in urban parks across Multan City, Pakistan. A total of 456 trees of selected species within six parks of Multan City were inventoried to estimate the biomass and carbon stock using species-specific allometric equations. Soil organic carbon at two soil depths beneath the canopy of each tree was also estimated using Walkley–Black method. The findings revealed that the highest mean tree biomass (2.16 Mg ha⁻¹), carbon stock (1.04 Mg ha⁻¹) and carbon sequestration (3.80 Mg ha⁻¹) were estimated for <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i>, while <i>Melia azedarach</i> exhibited the lowest (0.12 Mg ha⁻¹, 0.06 Mg ha⁻¹ & 0.23 Mg ha⁻¹, respectively) across all six parks. The soil carbon stocks ranged from 48.86 Mg ha⁻¹ to 61.68 Mg ha⁻¹ across all study sites. These findings emphasize the importance of species selection in urban green planning for carbon sequestration. Strategic planting of effective native trees like <i>Dalbergia sissoo</i> can mitigate climate change and provide urban forest ecosystem services.