GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF OYAN RIVER DAM IN OGUN STATE NIGERIA ON ITS DOWNSTREAM COMMUNITIES
2025
Gaius Ojo
Context and background The Oyan River Dam, located in Ogun State, Nigeria, is a major water infrastructure that provides water for irrigation, domestic, and industrial purposes. Over time, the dam has impacted the downstream communities environmentally and socio-economically, potentially leading to land use and water quality changes. These impacts call for a comprehensive study to assess the environmental and socio-economic effects of the dam and to propose measures to mitigate its negative consequences. Goal and Objectives: The study aims to assess the environmental and socio-economic impacts of the dam and provide information to mitigate its negative effects. It focuses on analyzing land use changes, water quality, and the dam's impact on downstream communities. Methodology: • LULC Analysis: Satellite data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 were analyzed using ArcGIS to track changes in built-up areas, water bodies, and vegetation. • Water Quality: Water clarity was assessed using NDWI and NDTI indices. • Survey: Questionnaires were distributed to 500 residents to evaluate the dam's environmental and socio-economic impacts. Results: • LULC: Built-up areas expanded, vegetation cover declined, and water bodies slightly increased. • Water Quality: Water clarity deteriorated over time, with increased turbidity. • Impacts: Environmental issues like biodiversity loss (50%) and water pollution (76%) were reported, along with socio-economic impacts such as agricultural reliance and health problems like waterborne diseases (40%).
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