The Outbreak of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) in Al-Hsseiniya District /Karbala province in Iraq: A control strategy
2024
Basim Al-Adhadh
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) has been reported sporadically in Iraq during the last four decades, until 2022, when an aggressive outbreak hits several provinces. Two human cases have been reported in Al-Husseiniya District / Karbala Province (June and July 2022). Tick control on animals, backyards, and barns to reduce human CCHF cases. On October 2, 2022, an 8-day tick control campaign was organized in 65 villages in Al-Husseiniya district to apply pesticides to approximately 25,000 animals (cattle, buffaloes, sheep, and goats) and spray over 300,000 square meters of backyards and barns. In parallel, a public awareness campaign was carried out by distributing brochures to breeder families. Following the tick control campaign (from October to December 2022), there were no cases reported in Al-Husseiniya district/Karbala Province by the Ministry of Health (MoH). While for the same period, six cases were reported in the surrounding districts. About 912 families of animal breeders benefited from the campaign and were therefore protected from the risk of CCHF by reducing the tick population on their animals. The expense for treating each animal head and spraying one square meter of barns was $0.005, equivalent to 88 Iraqi dinars. Spraying backyards, treating animals with pesticides, and increasing farmer knowledge can all lower the risk of CCHF in people. Nevertheless, more research is still required to determine which pesticides—such as biological, immunological, and integrated pest management, ovicidel pesticide —are the most successful. The study recommends the need to seek assistance from non-employed veterinarians in the future to contain and control (CCHF) disease, based on the success of this experiment.
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