The Dual Threat of Aeromonas Species: Aquatic Pathogens and Emerging Human Health Concerns
2024
Havan Sleman
Aeromonas species are facultatively anaerobic, Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming, oxidase-positive bacteria they are divided into the non-motile psychrophilic aeromonads and the motile mesophilic aeromonads. Due to the possibility that phenotypic identification techniques may not correctly identify some of the species, the taxonomy of this genus is complicated. Most Aeromonas strains are fish infections that cause hemorrhagic septicemia, which frequently increases mortality and causes large financial losses in aquaculture. Often linked to fish disease and mortality are A. caviae, A. hydrophila, A. sobria, A. salmonicida, and A. veronii. These bacteria are commonly found in freshwater, soil and agricultural produce. The genus Aeromonas belongs to the Aeromonadaceae family and comprises a group of these bacteria widely distributed in aquatic environments, with some species able to cause disease in fish, other aquatic animals, and humans. However, bacteria of this genus are isolated from many other habitats, environments, and food products which has been recognized as an important pathogenic species in aquaculture that causes motile Aeromonas septicemia, red spot diseases, infectious dropsy and Furunculosis. Although vaccination is the ideal strategy to avoid infectious diseases. Gastroenteritis, bacteremia, and wound infections have dominated since aeromonads were first linked to human disease. Based on current information about the ecology, epidemiology, and pathogenicity of the genus Aeromonas, we should assume that these bacteria produce a great health problem in the future. This review's objectives are to ascertain how Aeromonas affects aquaculture and human health as well as how to prevent it.
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