Prevención de Fusarium oxysporum raza 1, en el cultivo de banano variedad Gros Michel, utilizando Trichoderma spp. en la zona de Naranjal - Ecuador

In the present investigation, the prevention of Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was evaluated in the Gros Michel variety with applications of Trichoderma spp. in the Naranjal area. A Completely Randomized Block Design was applied in three replications. Tukey's test at 5 % of significance was performed to determine the difference between the following treatments: T1: Biohealth, T2: Dinamics, T3: Control. The following variables were evaluated: Percentage of affected plants with symptoms of Fusarium oxysporum race 1, bunch age, number of bunches, number of hands, bunch weight (kg), finger length (inches), last hand calibration, second hand calibration, ratio and economic analysis. The results indicate that there were symptomless plants at 15 days, 30 days and 45 days in the treatments studied. Symptoms of the FOCRT1 disease were present from 129 days, with a higher percentage of affectation in T3 (12.13 %), while T1 (10 %) presented a lower percentage of affectation. At 213 days, there was a higher percentage of affectation in T3 (23.33 %), while T1 (16.67 %) presented a lower percentage of affectation. As at 224 days, there was a higher percentage of damage in T3 (36%), while T1 (26.67%) had a lower percentage of damage. It was determined that the highest number of hands per bunch was reported in treatment T1 (9.40) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the lowest number of hands per bunch was presented in treatment T3 (8). The greatest finger length was reported in treatment T2 (10.97 inches) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the least finger length was presented in treatment T1 (9 inches). The highest calibration of the last hand of the bunch was reported in treatment T1 (42.53) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the lowest calibration of the last hand of the bunch was presented in treatment T3 (40.67). The highest calibration of the second hand of the bunch was reported in treatment T3 (46.40) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the lowest calibration of the second hand of the bunch was presented in treatment T1 (45.07). Based on the economic analysis carried out in the best treatment (T1), it was found that the production costs of the different cultural labors in one hectare of production had a value of $ 6097.44.

In the present investigation, the prevention of Fusarium oxysporum race 1 was evaluated in the Gros Michel variety with applications of Trichoderma spp. in the Naranjal area. A Completely Randomized Block Design was applied in three replications. Tukey's test at 5 % of significance was performed to determine the difference between the following treatments: T1: Biohealth, T2: Dinamics, T3: Control. The following variables were evaluated: Percentage of affected plants with symptoms of Fusarium oxysporum race 1, bunch age, number of bunches, number of hands, bunch weight (kg), finger length (inches), last hand calibration, second hand calibration, ratio and economic analysis. The results indicate that there were symptomless plants at 15 days, 30 days and 45 days in the treatments studied. Symptoms of the FOCRT1 disease were present from 129 days, with a higher percentage of affectation in T3 (12.13 %), while T1 (10 %) presented a lower percentage of affectation. At 213 days, there was a higher percentage of affectation in T3 (23.33 %), while T1 (16.67 %) presented a lower percentage of affectation. As at 224 days, there was a higher percentage of damage in T3 (36%), while T1 (26.67%) had a lower percentage of damage. It was determined that the highest number of hands per bunch was reported in treatment T1 (9.40) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the lowest number of hands per bunch was presented in treatment T3 (8). The greatest finger length was reported in treatment T2 (10.97 inches) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the least finger length was presented in treatment T1 (9 inches). The highest calibration of the last hand of the bunch was reported in treatment T1 (42.53) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the lowest calibration of the last hand of the bunch was presented in treatment T3 (40.67). The highest calibration of the second hand of the bunch was reported in treatment T3 (46.40) being statistically superior to the other treatments, while the lowest calibration of the second hand of the bunch was presented in treatment T1 (45.07). Based on the economic analysis carried out in the best treatment (T1), it was found that the production costs of the different cultural labors in one hectare of production had a value of $ 6097.44.

En la presente investigación se evaluó la prevención de Fusarium oxysporum raza 1, en la variedad Gros Michel con aplicaciones de Trichoderma spp. en la zona de Naranjal. Se aplicó un Diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar en tres repeticiones. Se ejecutó la prueba de Tukey al 5 % de significancia, para determinar la diferencia entre los siguientes tratamientos: T1: Biohealth, T2: Dinamics, T3: Testigo. Se evaluaron las siguientes variables: Porcentaje de afectación en plantas con síntomas de Fusarium oxysporum raza 1, Edad del racimo, Numero de racimos, Numero de manos, Peso del racimo (kg), Longitud de dedo (pulgadas), Calibración ultima mano, Calibración segunda mano, Ratio y Análisis económico. Los resultados indican que se presentaron plantas sin sintomatología a los 15 días, 30 días y 45 días en los tratamientos estudiados. Los síntomas de la enfermedad FOCRT1 se presentaron desde los 129 días, con un mayor porcentaje de afectación en el T3 (12.13 %), mientras que el T1 (10 %) presento menor porcentaje de afectación. A los 213 días se evidenció un mayor porcentaje de afectación en el T3 (23.33 %), mientras que el T1 (16.67 %) presento menor porcentaje de afectación. A igual que a los 224 días se presentó un mayor porcentaje de afectación en el T3 (36 %), mientras que el T1 (26.67 %) presento menor porcentaje de afectación. Se determinó que el mayor número de manos por racimo fue reportado en el tratamiento T1 (9.40) siendo superior estadísticamente a los demás tratamientos, mientras que el menor número de manos por racimo se presentó en el tratamiento T3 (8). La mayor longitud de dedo fue reportada en el tratamiento T2 (10.97 pulgadas) siendo superior estadísticamente a los demás tratamientos, mientras que la menor longitud de dedo se presentó en el tratamiento T1 (9 pulgadas). La mayor calibración de la última mano del racimo fue reportada en el tratamiento T1 (42.53) siendo superior estadísticamente a los demás tratamientos, mientras que la menor calibración de la última mano del racimo se presentó en el tratamiento T3 (40.67). La mayor calibración de la segunda mano del racimo fue reportada en el tratamiento T3 (46.40) siendo superior estadísticamente a los demás tratamientos, mientras que la menor calibración de la segunda mano del racimo se presentó en el tratamiento T1 (45.07). En base al análisis económico realizado en el mejor tratamiento (T1) se evidenció que los costos de producción de las diferentes labores culturales en una hectárea de producción tuvieron un valor de $ 6097.44.