Uso de biofertilizantes en la producción de hortalizas

Vegetables are a basic and necessary food for the world's population. The main objective of this research was to determine the use of biofertilizers in vegetable production. In preparing this document, updated information was collected from scientific articles, websites and virtual libraries, considering it as a non-experimental bibliographical research, through the use of synthesis, analysis, and summary. The conclusions determined that nitrogen fixers, phosphorus solubilizers and phytostimulants are considered the main biofertilizers in vegetable production, which are composed of plant remains and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, helping to improve soil fertility and plant growth; biofertilizers used in vegetable production may contain boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chlorine (Cl) and cobalt (Co), essential for the development of horticultural plantations; Among the benefits offered by biofertilizers are the increase in crop productivity, with improvements that can vary between 8% and 15%; reduction in production costs, which makes them more accessible to farmers; and improved soil fertility and increased biodiversity. Biofertilizers also promote environmental protection, since their use reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers and contributes to specific actions such as nitrogen fixation and nutrient solubilization, which favors plant growth.

Vegetables are a basic and necessary food for the world's population. The main objective of this research was to determine the use of biofertilizers in vegetable production. In preparing this document, updated information was collected from scientific articles, websites and virtual libraries, considering it as a non-experimental bibliographical research, through the use of synthesis, analysis, and summary. The conclusions determined that nitrogen fixers, phosphorus solubilizers and phytostimulants are considered the main biofertilizers in vegetable production, which are composed of plant remains and microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, helping to improve soil fertility and plant growth; biofertilizers used in vegetable production may contain boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), chlorine (Cl) and cobalt (Co), essential for the development of horticultural plantations; Among the benefits offered by biofertilizers are the increase in crop productivity, with improvements that can vary between 8% and 15%; reduction in production costs, which makes them more accessible to farmers; and improved soil fertility and increased biodiversity. Biofertilizers also promote environmental protection, since their use reduces dependence on chemical fertilizers and contributes to specific actions such as nitrogen fixation and nutrient solubilization, which favors plant growth.

Las hortalizas constituyen un alimento básico y necesario en la población mundial. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar el uso de biofertilizantes en la producción de hortalizas. En la elaboración del presente documento se recopiló información actualizada de artículos científicos, sitios web y bibliotecas virtuales, considerándose como una investigación no experimental de carácter bibliográfico, mediante el uso de síntesis, análisis, y resumen. Las conclusiones determinaron que los fijadores de nitrógeno, solubilizadores de fósforo y fitoestimulantes son considerados como los principales biofertilizantes en la producción de hortalizas, los cuales están compuestos por restos vegetales y microorganismos como bacterias y hongos, ayudan a mejorar la fertilidad del suelo y el crecimiento de las plantas; los biofertilizantes empleados en la producción de hortalizas pueden contener boro (B), molibdeno (Mo), zinc (Zn), hierro (Fe), manganeso (Mn), cobre (Cu), cloro (Cl) y cobalto (Co), indispensables para el desarrollo de las plantaciones hortícolas; entre los beneficios que ofrecen los biofertilizantes se destacan el incremento en la productividad de los cultivos, con mejoras que pueden variar entre el 8% y el 15%; reducción de costos de producción, lo que los hace más accesibles para los agricultores y mejorar la fertilidad del suelo y aumento de la biodiversidad y los biofertilizantes también promueven la protección del medio ambiente, ya que su uso disminuye la dependencia de fertilizantes químicos y contribuye las acciones específicas como la fijación de nitrógeno y la solubilización de nutrientes, lo que favorece el crecimiento de las plantas.