Manejo integrado de pulgones en huertos orgánicos de hortalizas en el Ecuador

Aphids represent a crucial hazard to agricultural activity in organic crops, and integrated pest management assists farmers in addressing and minimizing these hazards. As this method is based on the application of various techniques together, it is a highly effective solution for this type of problem. This work was developed as a non-experimental bibliographic research, through the use of synthesis, analysis and summary of the information collected. The main species of aphids that affect horticultural crops are the following: Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae. Aphids attack young shoots, causing a reduction in plant vigor; as a result, the infected part turns yellow; In addition, secondary fungi reduce the growth and yield of vegetables. Aphids cause indirect damage, because they are vectors of various viruses and cause economic losses; Honeydew, produced by aphids, helps the fungus thrive. Cultural practices for aphid control are based on: living barriers, high planting densities and trap crops, which contribute to the reduction of pest insect populations. The most used botanical extracts against aphids are: Azadirachta indica (A.Juss.); Allium sativum (L.) Ruta graveolans (L.); Tagetes erecta (L.); Cinnamomun verum (L.); Quassia amara (L.).

Aphids represent a crucial hazard to agricultural activity in organic crops, and integrated pest management assists farmers in addressing and minimizing these hazards. As this method is based on the application of various techniques together, it is a highly effective solution for this type of problem. This work was developed as a non-experimental bibliographic research, through the use of synthesis, analysis and summary of the information collected. The main species of aphids that affect horticultural crops are the following: Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae. Aphids attack young shoots, causing a reduction in plant vigor; as a result, the infected part turns yellow; In addition, secondary fungi reduce the growth and yield of vegetables. Aphids cause indirect damage, because they are vectors of various viruses and cause economic losses; Honeydew, produced by aphids, helps the fungus thrive. Cultural practices for aphid control are based on: living barriers, high planting densities and trap crops, which contribute to the reduction of pest insect populations. The most used botanical extracts against aphids are: Azadirachta indica (A.Juss.); Allium sativum (L.) Ruta graveolans (L.); Tagetes erecta (L.); Cinnamomun verum (L.); Quassia amara (L.).

Los pulgones representan un peligro crucial para la actividad agrícola en los cultivos orgánicos, y el manejo integrado de plagas asiste a los agricultores en enfrentar y minimizar estos peligros. Como este método se fundamenta en la aplicación de diversas técnicas en conjunto, resulta una solución altamente efectiva para este tipo de problemas. El presente trabajo se desarrolló como una investigación no experimental de carácter bibliográfico, mediante el uso de síntesis, análisis, y resumen de la información recopilada. Las principales especies de pulgones que afectan los cultivos hortícolas son las siguientes: Aphis fabae, Aphis gossypii y Myzus persicae. Los pulgones atacan los brotes jóvenes, provocando la reducción del vigor de la planta; como resultado, la parte infectada se vuelve amarilla; además los hongos secundarios reducen el crecimiento y rendimiento de las hortalizas. Los pulgones causan daños indirectos, debido a que son vectores de diversos virus y provocan pérdidas económicas; la melaza, producida por los pulgones, ayuda a que el hongo prospere. Las prácticas culturales para el control pulgones se basan en: barreras vivas, altas densidades de siembra y cultivos trampas, que contribuyen en la disminución de las poblaciones de los insectos plagas. Los extractos botánicos más usados contra los pulgones son: Azadirachta indica (A.Juss.); Allium sativum (L.) Ruta graveolans (L.); Tagetes erecta (L.); Cinnamomun verum (L.); Quassia amara (L.).