Faecal microbiome mediates the effect of diet on colorectal-cancer risk: comparison of meat based versus pesco-vegetarian diets
2025
Gerard, Philippe | MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS) ; AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
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Show more [+] Less [-]English. Two validated models of colorectal cancer (CRC): Pirc rats, mutated in the Apc gene and thus developing spontaneous colon tumours and Azoxymethane (AOM)-induced rats were fed for 3 months with high-CRC risk diet (meat-based MBD), a normalized CRC risk diet (MBD plus alpha-tocopherol, MBD-T), a low-CRC risk diet (pesco-vegetarian, PVD) and a control diet (CTRL). Pirc rats fed the PVD diet, showed a significantly lower number of colon tumors than rats fed all the other diets. In the AOM-treated rats Mucin Depleted Foci (MDF) were smaller with the PVD and CTRL diets than with the two meat-based diets. Oxidative stress parameters such as fecal TBARS, urinary DHN-MA and urinary 8-iso-PGF 2α were lower in PVD than in Meat-based diets-fed rats. Microbiota analysis using 16s rRNA sequencing showed that bacterial communities significantly differed based on diet, with the exception of MBD and MBD-T samples which were similar. To determine if the microbiome contributes to the different tumorigenesis associated with the diets, feces from Pirc rats fed the 4 different diets were thus transplanted into AOM-induced germ-free rats fed a control diet for three months. Strikingly, rats transplanted with the MBD-feces had the highest number of MDF compared with all the other diets. In conclusion, these results confirm the carcinogenetic activity of MBD- diets and the protective properties of PVD diet. Our results further demonstrate that these impacts of the different diets on carcinogenicity are, at least in part, mediated by the intestinal microbiome.
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