Урожайность, качество зерна и адаптационные свойства новых генотипов озимой мягкой пшеницы в условиях центральной зоны Молдовы

This paper presents the results of research on the productivity, grain quality and adaptive properties of 19 new genotypes of winter soft wheat in the conditions of the central zone of Moldova, conducted in 2021-2023. Such indicators as stress resistance, genetic flexibility, and adaptation coefficient were studied. As a result, it was found that, the grain yield varied from 5.45 t/ha (2022) to 8.40 t/ha (2023), depending on the years of research. The most favorable conditions for plant growth and development were in 2023, as indicated by the positive environmental index of +1.49. The genotypes SDK 1921 (7.20 t/ha) and SDK 2021 (7.67 t/ha) showed the highest grain yield, exceeding the control variety Meleag (7.06 t/ha) by 0.14 and 0.60 t/ha, or 2.0-8.6%. The stress resistance of the genotypes varied from -1.53 to 4.71, genetic flexibility changed from 6.05 to 7.85, the adaptability index from 0.89 to 1.10. The protein content in the grain of the studied genotypes ranged from 9.6 to 12.0%, with an average of 10.8% in the experiment. The highest protein yield per 1 ha was demonstrated by the MDK 1807 (685.3 kg/ha) and SDK 2021 (685.0 kg/ha) samples, exceeding the control variety Meleag (680.1 kg/ha) by 5.2 and 4.9 kg/ha. The gluten content in the protein was 13.7-22.3%. The BRU 1975 sample had a high gluten content (22.3%). In terms of protein accumulation, the stress resistance of genotypes varied from -2.7 to -5.3, the Meleag variety having the highest resistance -2.7. The lowest stress resistance was observed in the SDK 2021 and MDK 1807 samples (-5.3 each). The genetic flexibility index varied between 9.6 and 12.0, and the adaptability coefficient from 0.89 to 1.11.