Ecological Problems of Land Cover in Azerbaijan and Ways to Eliminate Them
2025
Elmina Abbasli
Azerbaijan, in addition to being a country with diverse natural and geographical conditions, also has a rich soil cover. However, in recent decades, as a result of improper use of land resources, the impact of agricultural and industrial activities, ineffective irrigation systems, as well as weak environmental control, the soil cover has faced serious ecological problems. In various regions of the country, soil erosion, salinization, pollution, and a decrease in soil productivity are observed as a result of anthropogenic impacts. Soil erosion occurs mainly as a result of deforestation in mountainous and foothill areas, excessive exploitation of pastures, and improper cultivation of the soil on slopes. This results in soil washing and a decrease in productivity. In the lowland region, improper construction of irrigation systems and poor development of the drainage network lead to soil salinization, which negatively affects agricultural productivity. In addition, industrial waste and excessive use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in agriculture cause chemical pollution of the soil cover.
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