In vitro investigation on nanosilver-Moringa oleifera of optical characteristics, photoantimicrobial activity, and damage profile against Candida albicans biofilm

Abstract Nanosilver material has been widely applied in the cosmetics, medical, ceramics, electronics, energy renewable and other industries. In the medical sector, nanosilver has been recombined with medicinal plant extracts that contain antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Nanosilver has also been used in photodynamic Inactivation or other terms photoantimicrobial as a photosensitizer agent. Photoinactivation is a light-based therapy technique to kill pathogenic microbial or fungal cells. This research investigates the ability of biosynthesized nanosilver using Moringa leaf extract (AgNPs-MO) to inhibit Candida albicans biofilm growth. The aspects observed were optical characteristics, photoantimicrobial activity and changes in biofilm cell morphology through the results of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations. The research results showed that the optics characteristics of nanosilver-moringa oleifera experienced a shift in the absorption wavelength compared to individual investigations of each nanoparticle and Moringa leaf extract. Single nanoparticles did not show significant wave peaks, Moringa leaf extract with λmax1=425 nm and λmax2=635 nm, while the AgNPs-MO spectrum produced λmax=440 nm. Photoantimicrobial activity for cell viability tests, the treatment with the maximum inhibitory effect was the AgNPs-MO combination LED group, 75% (red LED) and 80% (blue LED), respectively. Another indicator of photoantimicrobial activity is the malondialdehyde level produced in each Candida albicans cell due to lipid oxidation. The maximum malondialdehyde level was 1.7 nmol/mL. SEM observations show severe morphological damage was visual for the AgNPs-MO combination LED treatment group. This research is new in developing and utilizing therapeutic approaches that can potentially treat infectious diseases and overcome their severity in the future. The selection of materials and products for AgNPs-MO can be an innovative alternative used in the medical field.