Grinje u tlu kao bioindikatori stanja i promjena u agroekosustavu | Soil mite comunities as bioindicators of conditions and changes in the agroecosystem

Croatian. Tlo je jedan od najsloženijih ekosustava na Zemlji, a njegova funkcionalnost ovisi o bogatstvu i raznolikosti organizama koji ga nastanjuju. Među grinjama koje nastanjuju tlo, vrstama su najzastupljeniji redovi Acariformes i Parasitiformes, odnosno četiri najvažnija podreda: Prostigmata, Astigmata, Mesostigmata i Oribatida, od kojih svaki ima specifičnu ulogu u tlu. Više od 10 300 vrsta podreda Oribatida, koje pripadaju u 177 različitih porodica, čine najbrojniju skupinu člankonožaca u tlu. Grinje toga podreda jedne su od najvažnijih razlagača organske tvari u tlu, a njihova brojnost i raznolikost vrsta mogu poslužiti kao indikatori stanja ili zdravlja tla. Raznolikost grinja ovisi o brojnim ekološkim faktorima, biljnom pokrovu te antropogenom utjecaju. Njihova otpornost na promjene u okolišu varira ovisno o vrsti, pri čemu su neke populacije izuzetno osjetljive na uznemirenja, dok su druge manje ili više prilagodljive. Smanjenje brojnosti i raznolikosti grinja često se povezuje s pri mjenom pesticida i umjetnih gnojiva, dok održive poljoprivredne prakse, poput minimalne obrade tla i primjene organskih gnojiva, mogu pridonijeti očuvanju njihovih populacija i funkcionalnosti tla.

English. Soil is one of the most complex ecosystems on Earth, and its functionality depends on the richness and diversity of the organisms that inhabit it. Among the mites that inhabit the soil, the most represented species belong to the orders Acariformes and Parasitiformes, and the four most important suborders: Prostigmata, Astigmata, Mesostigmata and Oribatida, which have a specific role in the soil. More than 10,300 species of the suborder Oribatida, belonging to 177 different families, make up the most numerous group of arthropods in the soil. Mites of this suborder are one of the most important decomposers of organic matter in the soil, and their number and variety of species can serve as indicators of soil health. The diversity of mites depends on numerous ecological factors, plant cover and anthropogenic influence. Their resistance to environmental changes varies depending on the species, with some populations being extremely sensitive to disturbances, while others are more or less adaptable. The decline in the abundance and diversity of mites is often associated with the use of pesticides and artificial fertilizers, while sustainable agricultural practices, such as minimal tillage and the application of organic fertilizers, can contribute to the preservation of their populations and soil functionality.