Integrated use of organic and inorganic fertilizers improves soil health, growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is vital for global food security due to its nutrition and widespread consumption. To support the growing population, using both organic and inorganic fertilizers enhances soil health and wheat yield. Mineral fertilizers directly affect crop yield and soil quality. Soil organic matter (SOM) is a crucial component for soil quality, microbial activity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. The interaction between fertilizer uses and soil health is a complex phenomenon. The choice of fertilizer type, amount and application method impacts soil microbial populations and properties. Long-term balance fertilizer application enhances soil microbial biomass, with multiple factors like nitrogen source and application method as well. Sustainable agriculture and environmental health require both organic and mineral fertilizers use for better production. Public education on fertilizer synergy, crop yields and soil health are essential to enhance the productivity of agricultural products. Excessive inorganic fertilizer use leads to adverse consequences, including heavy metal accumulation, pollution, and environmental degradation. Organic fertilizers offer a more sustainable soil fertility approach, improving soil properties and crop yields. Application methods, like band spreading, trailing hose and burial, reduce nutrient loss and enhance soil structure. Combining organic and inorganic fertilizers is more effective for crop growth and yield, addressing limited arable land and global food demand. Fertilizers have been vital in ensuring food security for the expanding world population. With the population projected to exceed 9 billion by 2050, integrated soil nutrient management is crucial. Fertilizer use also impacts soil erosion, leading to topsoil loss and soil health decline. Nutrient-rich topsoil is vulnerable to erosion, especially in regions with inadequate fertilizer use. Proper nutrient management is a key to mitigating soil erosion and protecting soil and the environment. Research into the relationship between fertilizer use, crop production and soil erosion is needed for sustainable agricultural practices. © 2019 The Author(s)