Enhancing Hydrophobicity of Nanocellulose-Based Films by Coating with Natural Wax from <i>Halimium viscosum</i>
2025
Ana Ramos | Jesus M. Rodilla | Rodrigo Ferreira | Ângelo Luís
This study aimed to improve the hydrophobicity of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films using a natural wax coating. For this purpose, firstly, the selection, extraction and characterization of a natural wax and fatty acids were carried out. These compounds were extracted from the aerial part of the <i>Halimium viscosum</i> plant. The chromatogram resulting from the chemical analysis of the extract revealed the presence of 15 compounds, with nonacosane being the major compound present. For film production, two different chemical pulps gels (sulfite and sulfate) were first characterized in terms of solids content, rheology and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The CNF films were produced by the solvent casting method, coated on one side with the extracted wax and subsequently characterized by wettability, surface energy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), FTIR, structural properties and water vapor permeability. The results showed that the wax-coated films exhibited a significant increase in water resistance, with a water contact angle exceeding 100°, demonstrating improved hydrophobicity. Also, the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of the films was drastically reduced after wax coating. Furthermore, the coated films maintained good transparency, making them a viable alternative to synthetic plastic. This study highlights the potential of natural wax coatings to improve the moisture barrier properties of biodegradable CNF films, promoting their application in sustainable packaging solutions.
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