EVALUATION OF MAIZE CROPS FOR SUSTAINABLE FARMING | Vrednotenje pridelka koruze za sonarave oblike kmetovanja

English. Modern hybrid maize varieties dominated for several decades both in Slovenia and elsewhere in the world. The production is maintained only of few landrace populations, but some are maintained at Slovenian Gene Bank. Improvement of local varieties is possible by recurrent selection and may in the case of their specific characteristics deserve their cultivation for specific purposes. Presented experiments have been conducted to characterize selected old Slovenian accessions in two regions - in central Slovenia and in Bela Krajina. Yields of corn at both locations and both years were significantly depending on the genotype. 'Rdeča Bohinjka' and partially 'Rumena Bohinjka' and, similarly, the 'LJ 180' had a predominantly low yields but were also the earliest, while modern hybrid variety 'P 9074' and 'Ronaldinio KWS ' had the expected highest yield. Yield of 'P 9074' grown at the Laboratory field of the Biotechnical Faculty was almost twice higher than the second best accession 'Metliška Plut'. However it is this semi-flint accessions 'Metliška Plut' that proved very suitable at all four experiments and is recommended for further maintenance and varietal testing as it can serve as appropriate alternative in a less intensive production.

Slovenian. Sodobne hibridne sorte koruze že več desetletij prevladujejo tako v Sloveniji kot drugod po svetu. V Sloveniji je v pridelavi ohranjenih le malo starih populacijskih sort, 614 pa jih vzdržujemo v sklopu programa Slovenska rastlinska genska banka na Biotehniški fakulteti Univerze v Ljubljani. Izboljšanje populacijskih sort z rekurentno selekcijo je mogoče in ima lahko v primeru posebnih lastnosti svoje mesto v tržni pridelavi. V sortnih poskusih v osrednji Sloveniji in v Beli krajini smo proučevali izbrane stare populacije koruze. Pridelki koruze so bili na obeh lokacijah in v obeh letih močno odvisni od genotipa. Populacije 'Rdeča bohinjka' in delno 'Rumena bohinjka', podobno pa tudi 'LJ 180' so imele majhne pridelke, bile pa so med najbolj ranimi, medtem ko sta imeli sodobni hibridni sorti, 'P 9074' in 'Ronaldinio KWS', pričakovano največji pridelek. Pridelek populacije 'P 9074' je bil na laboratorijskem polju Biotehniške fakultete skoraj dvakrat večji od druge najboljše populacije poltrdinke 'Metliška Plut'. Prav ta populacija pa se je v vseh štirih poskusih pokazala kot zelo primerna za nadaljno vzdrževanje in prijavo sorte, saj bi lahko v manj intenzivni pridelavi pomenila ustrezno alternativo hibridnim sortam.