Ogorčica Xiphinema index Thorne in Allen, prenašalec virusa pahljačavosti listov vinske trte v vinogradih | Dagger nematode Xiphinema index Thorne and Allen, 1950, asvirus vector of grapevine fanleaf virus

Slovenian. Virusi na rastlinah povzročajo gospodarsko najbolj uničujoče okužbe, saj je zdravljenje okuženih sadik praktično nemogoče v poznejši fazi rasti, ali pa so uveljavljeni postopki precej dolgotrajni. Med očem skrite prenašalce virusov spadajo tudi ogorčice – majhni organizmi, ki lahko povzročajo velike izgube pridelka. Med takšne ogorčice spada tudi vrsta Xiphinema index. Je glavni prenašalec virusa pahljačavosti listov vinske trte (GFLV) v vinogradih. Vinska trta (Vitis vinifera) je glavni gostitelj te rastlinsko-parazitske ogorčice. S svojim značilnim dolgim cevastim bodalom – stiletom prodre in se prehranjuje na mladih koreninicah. Okužba vinske trte z GFLV iz rodu Nepovirus vodi v postopno izrojevanje vinske trte in pozneje v gospodarsko nekonkurenčnost vinograda. Obvladovanje okužb z GFLV v vinogradih je večinoma omejeno na obvladovanje ogorčic prenašalcev. Vendar pa je njihovo obvladovanje izjemno težavno, predvsem zaradi njihove relativno dolge življenjske dobe in prostorske razporeditve v tleh. Kot najbolj učinkovita ukrepa sta se izkazala kolobarjenje na zemljišču kjer se ta ogorčica pojavlja in praha, a sta ta pristopa ekonomsko neprivlačna, saj je za ta ukrep potrebno pustiti zemljišče pred ponovno zasaditvijo novega vinograda brez vinske trte za več let. V prihodnosti je potrebno pozornost posvetiti področju razvoja novih, okolju prijaznejših in učinkovitejših pristopov obvladovanja virusonosnih ogorčic X. index.

English. Viruses on plants cause significant economic damage, as treating infected seedlings during later stages of growth is practically impossible. Among the hidden vectors of viruses are also nematodes. One such soil-borne nematode is Xiphinema index. It is the main vector of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV). Grapevines (Vitis spp.) are the main host of this plant-parasitic nematode. It penetrates and feeds on young roots with its characteristic long tubular stylet. Infected vines with GFLV from the genus Nepovirus lead to the gradual degeneration of the vine and, economic uncompetitiveness of the vineyard. The control of GFLV infections in vineyards is largely limited to the control of the vector nematodes. However, control of X. index nematode is extremely difficult, mainly due to its relatively long life span and spatial distribution in the soil. Crop rotation on land where this nematode is present and set aside have proven to be the most effective measures, but these approaches are economically unattractive as they require the land to be left free of vines for several years before replanting a new vineyard. In the future, attention should be given to the development of new, more environmentally friendly and more effective approaches to control virulent X. index nematodes.