Endophytic bacteria enhance the growth and salt tolerance of rice under saline conditions | Endofitske bakterije pospešujejo rast in toleranco na sol riža v razmerah slanosti

English. Developing biostimulants from salt-tolerant plant growth-promoting (PGP) bacteria is an emerging strategy for sustainable agriculture in the context of increasing soil salinization. This study aimed to isolate endophytic bacteria (EB) capable of promoting rice seed germination and seedling growth at different NaCl concentrations. Nine salt-tolerant EB strains were isolated and two, ST.6 and ST.8, with the rice seed promoting effect 99.3 and 99.7 %, respectively, were selected and identified as Pantoea dispersa and Burkholderia cenocepacia, respectively. ST.6 showed a higher value of the activity of phosphatase (617 mg P ml-1), production of indole-3-acetic acid (19.7 µg IAA ml-1), the activity of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (13.5 µmol mg−1 protein h−1), and production of siderophore (76.3 %). Especially, rice seedlings inoculated with strain ST.6 showed a significant improvement in root length (58.95 %), shoot length (16.6 %), dry biomass (7.0 %), the content of chlorophyll (46.2 and 57.1 % for chlorophyll a and b, respectively), carotenoids (22.2%), and proline (19.0 %). A decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities was also observed in the rice seedlings inoculated with either ST.6 or ST.8 strain under salt stress. Furthermore, the salt stress condition enhanced the colonization of roots by both studied endophytic bacteria. More experiments should be done to develop endophytic bacteria ST.6 and ST.8 as efficient bio-inoculants.

Slovenian. Razvoj biostimulantov iz bakterij, ki pospešuejo rast na sol tolerantnih rastlin (PGP) je razvijajoča se strategija za vzdržnostno kmetijstvo v času naraščajočega zasoljevanja tal. Namen raziskave je bil izolirati endofitske bakterije (EB), ki so sposobne pospeševati kalitev semen riža in rast sejank pri različnih koncentracijah NaCl. Izoliranih je bilo devet na sol tolerantnih sevov EB in dva seva, ST.6 in ST.8, ki sta pospeševala kalitev semen riža za 99,3 in 99,7 %. Ta dva seva sta bila izolirana in določena kot vrsti Pantoea dispersa in Burkholderia cenocepacia. Sev ST.6 je pokazal večjo vrednost v aktivnosti fosfataze (617 mg P ml-1), v produkciji indole-3-ocetne kisline (19,7 µg IAA ml-1), v aktivnosti deaminaze 1-aminociklopropan-1-karboksilne kisline (ACC) (13,5 µmol mg−1 protein h−1) in v tvorbi sideroforov (76,3 %). Še posebej so sejanke riža, inokulirane s sevom ST.6, pokazale značilno izboljšanje v dolžini korenin (58,95 %), dolžini poganjkov (16,6 %), suhi biomasi (7,0 %), v vsebnosti klorofila (46,2 in 57,1 % za klorofil a in b), karotenoidov (22,2 %) in prolina (19,0 %). V sejankah riža, inokuliranih s sevom ST.6 ali ST.8, je bil opazen tudi upad aktivnosti antioksidacijskih encimov v razmerah solnega stresa. Nadalje so razmere solnega stresa pospešile kolonizacijo korenin z obema sevoma preučevanih endofitskih bakterij. Še več poskusov bo potrebnih, da bi razvili seva endofitskih bakterij ST.6 in ST.8 kot učinkovita bioinokulanta.