Antibiotic-resistant soil bacteria in high-altitude (5000–6000 m) soils of the Himalaya | Na antibiotike odporne bakterije v visokogorskih tleh Himalaje (5000–6000 m)

English. In this study, low-carbon soils collected from an altitude transect from 5000 m to 6000 m were adopted as a simple model system with lower interaction complexity. This could help disentangle the basic environmental factors shaping the abundance and distribution of expressed resistance traits in culturable portion of fast growing heterotrophic strains. Improved plate counts were performed at 4 °C using 0.01 diluted nutrient broth supplemented with cold soil extract as a general media and additionally supplemented with antibiotics Ampicillin, Erythromycin, Kanamycin and Tetracyclin. A number of colonies (500) isolated from six locations were also tested separately for their antibiotic resistance. The results show that these high-altitude cold soils contained bacterial populations culturable at 4 °C in the range of 106 cells / g that were resistant to the four antibiotics and their various combinations tested in this study. The highest prevalence of resistance was observed in vegetated soils, whereas almost two orders of magnitude lower abundance of resistant cells was cultured from barren soils. Redundancy analysis showed that vegetation, soil carbon and pH were successful in explaining the interaction between environmental parameters and various culturable fractions of cold soil bacteria used in this study.

Slovenian. V študiji sem uporabil vzorce tal z nizko vsebnostjo organskega ogljika iz višinskega transekta 5000 m–6000 m kot poenostavljen modelni sistem z nizko kompleksnostjo interakcij. Ta bi lahko pomagal razumeti osnovne okoljske dejavnike, ki uravnavajo porazdelitev in obseg izraženih rezistenčnih lastnosti gojljivega dela hitro rastočih heterotrofnih sevov. Izboljšano štetje na ploščah sem izvedel pri 4 °C na 0,01 koncentriranem hranilnem bujonu, dopolnjenim s hladnim ekstraktom tal, kot splošnim gojiščem, ki sem ga dopolnil z posameznimi antibiotiki (ampicilin, eritromicin, kanamicin in tetraciklin). Večje število izolatov (500) iz šestih lokacij sem prav tako testiral ločeno na njihovo odpornost na antibiotike. Ugotavljal sem tudi povezavo med okoljskimi dejavniki ter porazdelitvijo odpornih sevov in splošnega gojljivega deleža talnih bakterij. Rezultati kažejo, da visokogorska hladna tla vsebujejo pri nizkih temperaturah gojljive bakterijske populacije (106 / g), ki so odporni na posamezne antibiotike in razne njihove kombinacije, uporabljene v tej študiji. Poraščena tla imajo največji delež odpornih bakterij, skoraj dva reda manjši pa je prisoten v golih tleh. Statistična analiza je pokazala, da vegetacija, organski ogljik ter pH uspešno razložijo interakcijo med okoljskimi dejavniki in posameznimi gojenimi deleži bakterij, izoliranih iz hladnih tal.