Association Between Shift Work and Vitamin D Levels in Brazilian Female Workers
2025
Ingrid Stähler Kohl | Anderson Garcez | Janaína Cristina da Silva | Harrison Canabarro de Arruda | Raquel Canuto | Vera Maria Vieira Paniz | Maria Teresa Anselmo Olinto
Objectives: Vitamin D plays a crucial role in maintaining bone and muscle health and is associated with various health conditions. Risk factors for reduced vitamin D levels include occupation. The aim of this study was to explore the association between shift work and vitamin D levels among female workers. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 304 women from an industrial group located in southern Brazil. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25(OH)D levels <: 20 ng/mL, and deficiency/insufficiency was defined as serum levels <: 30 ng/mL. Work shift data were collected through interviews using the start and end times of work shifts, classified as &ldquo:day shift&rdquo: (6:00 AM &le: hh:hh <: 10:00 PM) and &ldquo:night shift&rdquo: (10:00 PM &le: hh:hh <: 6:00 AM), respectively. The association between vitamin D deficiency and shift work was expressed as prevalence ratio (PR), using Poisson regression adjusted for confounding variables. Results: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 36.5% (95% CI: 31.1&ndash:41.9), while the prevalence of insufficiency was 75.7% (95% CI: 70.8&ndash:80.5). After adjustment, a significant association was found, with 65% and 17% higher probabilities of having vitamin D deficiency (PR = 1.65: 95% CI: 1.23&ndash:2.22: p = 0.001) and vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency (PR = 1.17: 95% CI: 1.02&ndash:1.35: p = 0.030) among nightshift workers compared with dayshift workers. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D among Brazilian female fixed-shift workers as well as a higher probability of vitamin D deficiency and deficiency/insufficiency among nightshift workers compared with dayshift workers.
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