Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms
2025
Chan-Ho Park | Jaemung Kim | Yun-Ho Jang | Sehyun Son | Sungweon Ryoo | Jung-Ho Kim | Sang-Min Won | Kyu-Wook Kim | Sungwon Hong | Bo-Young Jeon | Son-Il Pak | Byung-Il Yoon
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease and a chronic wasting illness. Accordingly, detecting and eradicating bTB remains a significant challenge in South Korea. This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol for detecting bTB in cattle. The protocol included two ELISA tests: one performed on the day of purified protein derivative (PPD) inoculation and another seven days post-inoculation. Results show a significant increase in ELISA detection rates, from 11% to 76%, particularly in cattle that tested positive for the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon-gamma (IFN-&gamma:) assays (p <: 0.0001). Notably, some cattle that were negative or had doubtful results in TST and IFN-&gamma: assays transitioned to ELISA positive post-PPD inoculation. Additionally, some cattle identified as positive only by ELISA (S/p value &ge: 0.3) were confirmed to have bTB through gross examination or real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The proposed protocol was validated in bTB outbreak farms using S/p thresholds of 0.3 (PPD inoculation day) and 0.5 (seven days post-PPD), enabling the detection of infected cattle missed by TST and IFN-&gamma: assays. Implementing this approach successfully eradicated bTB in outbreak farms with minimal culling. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating sequential ELISA tests to enhance bTB detection and support eradication efforts.
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