Influence of soil treatment and fertilization systems on the nutritional regime of gray forest soil and productivity of short-rotation cultivation

The influence of the systems of basic tillage and fertilizer on the formation of the nutrient regime of gray forest soil in the conditions of four-field grain-row crop rotation is investigated. It was found that the use of N120P90K90 on the background of plowing at 20-22 cm under wheat in the intensive fertilizer system promotes the accumulation of the content of light hydrolysis nitrogen 16.1 mg/100 g of soil, 14.3 and 11.7 mg/100 g of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, and the combined application of half doses of mineral fertilizers (N50P90K90), by-products – the straw of precursor in the alternative provides these values ​​at the level of 14.6, 13.2 and 11.4 mg/100 g Application of an intensive fertilizer system for maize with N120P90K90 + 40 t of manure on plowing backgrounds at 25–27 cm promotes accumulation in 0–20 cm layer of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen at the level of 16.6 mg/100 g of soil, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium, respectively 15.2 and 14.1 mg/100 g, and the use of an alternative system with a combination of N50P40K40 + 40 tons of manure + post-harvest products + green manure provides 14.8, 13.9 and 12.6 mg/100 g of available nutrients. During chiselling, the studied indicators acquire values: 17.9, 16.5, 14.0 mg/100 g of soil, respectively, according to the values ​​of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen, mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium with an intensive fertilizer system and 16.4, 14.9, 13.1 mg/100 g of soil with an alternative system. It is investigated that content of mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in fodder bean crops in 0-20 cm layer was formed at the highest concentration level during plowing by 14–16 cm when applying to the crop both N30P70K70 and P30K30 + straw of stubble precursor and oilseed radish grown after crops of oats. With a combination of such agrotechnical factors, the content of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen was 15.1, available to plants forms of phosphorus 13.6 and potassium 13.0 mg/100 g of soil. Disking on 10–12 cm under oat crops provides formation of indicators of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen at the level of 15.22 at intensive and 13.8 mg/100 g of soil at alternative system of fertilizer, mobile phosphorus of 12.6 and 11.9 mg/100 g of soil, respectively, mobile potassium: 12.7 and 11.8 mg/100 g of soil. Application per hectare of arable land of crop rotation area N83P78K78 + 10 t/ha of manure (intensive fertilizer system) forms higher values ​​of crop rotation productivity with grain yield at the level of 3.36, fodder units 23.41 t/ha, digestible protein 1.66 tons.