Changes in the Quality of <i>Idesia polycarpa</i> Maxim Fruits from Different Ecotypes During the Growth Process
2025
Yi Yang | Chao Miao | Qiupeng Yuan | Wenwen Zhong | Zuwei Hu | Chen Chen | Zhen Liu | Yanmei Wang | Xiaodong Geng | Qifei Cai | Li Dai | Juan Wang | Yongyu Ren | Fangming Liu | Haifei Lu | Tailin Zhong | Zhi Li
The goal of this study was to build an understanding of the quality of <i>Idesia polycarpa</i> fruit Maxim from different ecotypes and to identify the best cultivars, with a view to providing a reference and theoretical basis for the selection and cultivation of <i>I. polycarpa</i>. In this study, we systematically evaluated the fruit quality characteristics of five seed sources, namely SH, SG1, GG, HX, and SG2, at four developmental stages, M1-M4, through a principal component analysis, a correlation analysis, and a significance test. Comparisons between the ecotype yielded that GG was significantly better than the other ecotype in oil content (28.7%) and fresh weight per cluster (155.56 g), while HX exhibited higher SOD content (278.18 U/g) and soluble protein content (27.50 mg·g<sup>−1</sup>), suggesting a higher level of stress tolerance. The results of the correlation analysis showed that POD was significantly negatively correlated with oil content (r = −0.633) and SOD (r = −0.617) activities, indicating that the antioxidant enzyme system may affect oil accumulation. The results of the principal component analysis showed that the cumulative contribution of the first four principal components reached 89.72%, of which principal component 1 mainly reflected yield-related traits, and principal component 2 was significantly correlated with oil content and soluble protein. Through the evaluation and screening of the five ecotypes, we determined that GG can be utilized as a good single plant in the selection and improvement of new cultivars; our findings can provide theoretical support for the selection of good cultivars of <i>I. polycarpa</i> seed in the central region of Henan.
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