Mealybug species from Chilean agricultural landscapes and main factors influencing the genetic structure of [i]Pseudococcus viburni[/i]
2015
Correa, Margarita C.G. | Lombaert, Eric | Malausa, Thibaut | Crochard, Didier | Alvear, Andrés | Zaviezo, Tania | Palero, Ferran | Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA) ; Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) | Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal ; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) | Xilema Control Biológico | Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal ; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC) | Chile CONICYT Doctoral fellowship n°21110864 ; CONICYT “Tesis en la Industria” n°7812110011 ; Marie-Curie IRSES “IPRABIO” n°269196 ; Marie-Curie IAPP “COLBICS” n°324475 | European Project: 265865,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2010-4,PURE(2011)
The present study aimed to characterize the distribution of mealybug species along Chilean agro-ecosystems and to determine the relative impact of host plant, management strategy, geography and micro-environment on shaping the distribution and genetic structure of the obscure mealybug Pseudococcus viburni. An extensive survey was completed using DNA barcoding methods to identify Chilean mealybugs to the species level. Moreover, a fine-scale study of Ps. viburni genetic diversity and population structure was carried out, genotyping 529 Ps. viburni individuals with 21 microsatellite markers. Samples from 16 localities were analyzed using Bayesian and spatially-explicit methods and the genetic dataset was confronted to host-plant, management and environmental data. Chilean crops were found to be infested by Ps. viburni, Pseudococcus meridionalis, Pseudococcus longispinus and Planococcus citri, with Ps. viburni and Ps. meridionalis showing contrasting distribution and host-plant preference patterns. Ps. viburni samples presented low genetic diversity levels but high genetic differentiation. While no significant genetic variance could be assigned to host-plant or management strategy, climate and geography were found to correlate significantly with genetic differentiation levels. The genetic characterization of Ps. viburni within Chile will contribute to future studies tracing back the origin and improving the management of this worldwide invader.
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