Subsurface Banding of Poultry Manure Enhances Photosynthetic Efficiency, Yield, and Nutrient Uptake in Buckwheat
2025
Sina Fallah | Hossein Abedini Dastgerdi | Hans-Peter Kaul | Aliyeh Salehi
Manure application may improve plant growth, yield, and ecological sustainability. This study investigates optimized organic fertilizer application methods for enhancing buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum) productivity in semi-arid conditions. Treatments include broadcasting (Br) and subsurface banding (Ba) of poultry (PM) and cattle (CM) manure and foliar spraying (S) of manure extracts (1:5 and 1:10 ratios), urea fertilizer (UF), and a control. Subsurface-banded poultry manure (BaPM) maximized chlorophyll b (4.0 µ:g/mL), carotenoids (2.30 µ:mol/mL), anthocyanin (0.02 µ:mol/mL), leaf area index (2.03), seed nitrogen (3.4%), and spikes per plant (17). BaPM achieved the highest seed yield (646 kg/ha), comparable to BrPM, BaCM, and SPM(1:5). The maximum seed phosphorus content (0.43%) was observed in the BaPM, BrPM, and SCM(1:10) treatments. Dry matter peaked under UF (4870 kg/ha) and BaPM (4641 kg/ha). Banding placement improved nutrient uptake by enhancing root zone retention, while foliar poultry extract (1:5) mitigated phosphorus deficiency. These findings demonstrate that integrating certain manure types with targeted application methods&mdash:particularly subsurface banding of poultry manure&mdash:optimizes nutrient use efficiency, crop performance, and environmental sustainability in buckwheat cultivation.
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