ANALISIS PERFORMA TESTCROSS LELE SANGKURIANG (Clarias gariepinus) DENGAN LELE ALBINO
2025
Nurahmah, Rahmadita Zeira | Soelistyowati, Dinar Tri | Carman, Odang
Lele Sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan jenis ikan lele yang umum dibudidayakan. Albinisme masih muncul akibat induk membawa gen resesif albino (Aa). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah induk normal bergenotip homozigot dominan (AA) atau heterozigot (Aa) dengan melakukan tetstcross atau uji silang dengan lele albino bergenotip homozigot resesif (aa) dan mengevaluasi performa keturunan yang dihasilkan. Skema testcross terdiri dari persilangan resiprokal antara lele normal dengan albino (NA, AN)) masing-masing dua ulangan pasangan satu kali pemijahan dan persilangan antara lele normal (NN). Bobot rata-rata induk lele normal 1,35±0,13 kg (jantan) dan 1,85±0,12 kg (betina), sedangkan lele albino 1,45±0,07 kg (jantan) dan 1,80±0,14 kg (betina). Keturunan hasil setiap persilangan dipelihara secara terpisah selama 56 hari dalam wadah berukuran 25 liter dengan kepadatan 1 ekor/liter. Pakan yang diberikan berupa cacing sutra dan pakan buatan sesuai dengan umur. Parameter testcross yang diamati meliputi performa pemijahan, nisbah fenotip, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, heterosis dan keragaman genetik berdasarkan analisis RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Hasil persilangan antara lele normal maupun uji silang resiprokal antara lele normal dengan albino menghasilkan keturunan normal semuanya yang mengindikasikan bahwa semua induk lele normal yang dipijahkan bergenotipe homozigot dominan (AA). Performa reproduksi pada uji silang tidak berbeda nyata dengan persilangan pada lele normal, namun jumlah telur yang dihasilkan pada uji silang lebih rendah (p<0,05). Hasil uji silang antara induk betina normal dengan jantan albino (AN) menghasilkan keturunan dengan laju pertumbuhan bobot spesifik lebih tinggi dari pada resiprokalnya (NA) dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan keturunan persilangan lele normal. Nilai heterosis positif diperoleh pada laju pertumbuhan spesifik hibrida AN (2,31%) dan hasil analisis RAPD menunjukkan heterozigositas tertinggi sebesar 0,162% dengan tingkat polimorfisme 39,22%. Persilangan antara lele betina normal dengan jantan albino potensial dalam program pemuliaan ikan lele untuk memperoleh manfaat pertumbuhan dan keragaman genetik yang lebih unggul pada keturunannya.
Show more [+] Less [-]Sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a type of catfish commonly cultivated. Albinism still occurs due to the parent carrying the recessive albino gene (Aa). This study aims to identify whether the normal parent has a dominant homozygous genotype (AA) or heterozygous (Aa) by conducting a test cross or cross test with albino catfish with a recessive homozygous genotype (aa) and evaluating the performance of the resulting offspring. The test cross scheme consists of a reciprocal cross between normal and albino catfish (NA, AN)), each with two replicates of pairs, one spawning time, and a cross between normal catfish (NN). The average weight of normal catfish parents is 1.35±0.13 kg (male) and 1.85±0.12 kg (female), while albino catfish are 1.45±0.07 kg (male) and 1.80±0.14 kg (female). The offspring of each cross were reared separately for 56 days in a 25- liter container with a density of 1 fish/liter. The feed provided was silkworms and artificial feed according to age. The testcross parameters observed included spawning performance, phenotype ratio, specific growth rate, heterosis, and genetic diversity based on RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) analysis. The results of crosses between normal catfish and reciprocal crosses between normal and albino catfish produced all normal offspring, indicating that all normal catfish broodstock spawned were homozygous dominant (AA) genotypes. Reproductive performance in the cross test was not significantly different from crosses between normal catfish, but the number of eggs produced in the cross test was lower (p<0.05). The results of the cross test between normal female broodstock and albino male (AN) produced offspring with a higher specific weight growth rate than its reciprocal (NA) and was not significantly different from the offspring of normal catfish crosses. Positive heterosis values were obtained at the specific growth rate of AN hybrids (2.31%), and RAPD analysis results showed the highest heterozygosity of 0.162% with a polymorphism level of 39.22%. Crossbreeding between normal female catfish and albino males is potential in catfish breeding programs to obtain superior growth and genetic diversity in their offspring.
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Bibliographic information
This bibliographic record has been provided by IPB University in The City of Bogor (formerly Bogor Agricultural University)