Comparative study of a winter wheat variety and hybrid sown after different pre-crops on chernozem soil
2019
Fekete, Ágnes | Pepó, Péter
Wheat production is a determining branch within Hungarian crop production (produced on nearly one million hectares). Weather anomalies caused by climatic change confirmed the importance of the biological background (variety, hybrid) in wheat production. The adapting ability and reaction of different wheat genotypes towards nutrient supply were studied in a long-term field experiment on chernozem soil type in the case of different pre-crops (sunflower and maize). According to the experimental results of the vegetation of 2017/2018, the yield of the variety Ingenio sown after the sunflower as previous crop ranged between 4168 and 8734 kg ha -1 , while in the case of maize as previous crop, this value ranged between 2084 and 7782kg ha -1 , depending on the applied nutrient supply level. The studied genotypes produced rather significant yield surplus as a response to the application of mineral fertilization (4.6–5.1 t ha -1 after sunflower and 5.7–6.3 t ha -1 after maize). Optimal mineral fertilizer dosage was determined by both the genotype and the pre-crop. N-optimum values of wheat genotypes was determined using regression analysis. In the case of the variety Ingenio sown after sunflower, the optimum range was N 144-150 +PK, while after maize, it was N 123-150 +PK, respectively. For the hybrid Hyland, these optimum ranges were N 114-120 +PK, just as N 150-153 +PK, resp. The application of optimal mineral fertilizer dosages improved water utilization of the studied wheat genotypes to a significant extent. WUE values of the control, unfertilized treatments ranged between 4.1–8.3 kg mm -1 , while in optimal fertilizer treatment, it ranged between 15.5 and 17.4 kg mm -1 .
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