Maturity indices for optimum harvest time of apple fruit cv. Monalisa.
2025
ARGENTA, L. C. | FREITAS, S. T. de | BRANCHER, T. L. | WOOD, R. | OGOSHI, D. | NEUWALD, D. A. | LUIZ CARLOS ARGENTA, EMPRESA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA E EXTENSÃO RURAL DE SANTA CATARINA; SERGIO TONETTO DE FREITAS, CPATSA; THYANA LAYS BRANCHER, EMPRESA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA E EXTENSÃO RURAL DE SANTA CATARINA; RACHAEL WOOD, HORTICULTURE AND PRODUCT PHYSIOLOGY, UNIVERSITY AND RESEARCH; CLAUDIO OGOSHI, EMPRESA DE PESQUISA AGROPECUÁRIA E EXTENSÃO RURAL DE SANTA CATARINA; DANIEL ALEXANDRE NEUWALD, LAKE OF CONSTANCE RESEARCH CENTRE FOR FRUIT CULTIVATION.
This study was carried out to evaluate the changes in maturity and quality of ‘Monalisa’ apple fruit at harvest and after storage and to determine maturity indices for the optimum harvest time. Experimental treatments were harvesting time, storage atmosphere and duration and 1-MCP exposure. Fruit from multiple harvest date and three harvest years were stored at 0.8 oC in air or controlled atmosphere for 3, 5, 6 or 9 months. Half of the fruit were treated with 1-MCP in two years. The increase in ethylene production, respiration, starch degradation and soluble solids content, and the decline in flesh firmness and titratable acidity during on-tree maturation followed the expected pattern of early season cultivars such as Gala, the ‘Monalisa’ progenitor. After storage, late harvested fruit had higher severity of decay, and physiological disorders compared to early harvested fruit. Skin browning was the predominant disorder in ‘Monalisa’, which was affected by harvest maturity, 1-MCP treatment, storage atmosphere and duration. The results showed that ‘Monalisa’ apple intended for immediate marketing should be harvested between 131 to 149 days after full bloom, with starch index ranging from 3.3 to 7.5 (1-9 scale), flesh firmness from 87.1 to 69.3 N, soluble solids content from 12.7 to 14.7 %, and titratable acidity from 0.66 to 0.56 %. ‘Monalisa’ apple intended for mid- and long-term storage should be harvested earlier between 124 to 131 days after full bloom, with starch index ranging from 2.4 to 3.4, flesh firmness from 90.7 to 86.2 N, soluble solids content from 12.7 to 14.3 %, and titratable acidity ranging from 0.67 to 0.59 %.
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