Relevance. Growing European radishes in protected soil on hydroponics provides year-round fresh vitamin production. For the autumn-winter turnover shade-tolerant varieties with a short growing season are necessary. For the spring-summer turnover, the resistance of the variety to high temperatures and premature stem formation is of particular importance. Selection of targeted radish varieties is an energy-consuming process, which can be optimized by using an open-type multi-tier narrow-stack hydroponics installation with a different combination of limiting factors for tiers (light, heat).Methods and results. In Federal Scientific Vegetable Center radish varieties were tested in different conditions. The informativeness of the tiers on the installation as backgrounds for selection for adaptability and specificity is determined. It was found that the assessment and selection of productivity and large-fruited is effectively carried out on 1-2 tiers; for resistance to premature stem formation – on 1 tier; for shade tolerance, early ripening, with a stable manifestation of the marketable mass of the root crop – on 4-5 tiers. Radish varieties were selected as the starting material for the suitability for hydroponic cultivation of intensive type and highly adaptive. The uniqueness of the use of a multi-level narrow column hydroponics for the purpose of radish breeding is shown.

Relevance. The value of table beetroot as an indispensable vegetable crop in a rational human diet is beyond doubt. It is possible to fill the shortage of production of this crop in the Russian Federation by increasing yields, which is facilitated by a number of factors. It is believed that the yield depends more on the variety, but the role of the medium in identifying varietal characteristics is also of great importance. In this regard, the varieties and hybrids recommended for production, along with high potential productivity, should be characterized by a wide range of adaptive properties (environmental resistance) to the stressful effects of environmental conditions. One of the effective methods to determine the adaptability of varieties to the conditions of a particular region is their simultaneous assessment in a number of geographically remote locations, which allows expanding the range of their use.Materials and methods. Research work on the environmental testing of six varieties of beetroot was carried out in 2020 according to generally accepted methods on the basis of the branches of the FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. As a standard, the Bordo 237 variety was used - recommended for cultivation in all regions of the Russian Federation. Ecological assessment of the environment as a background for selection and assessment of the adaptive ability of varieties was carried out according to the methodology of A.V. Kilchevsky and L.V. Khotyleva.Results. According to the totality of all parameters, the most adaptive for cultivation in different regions of the Russian Federation, according to the combination of yield and marketability, it is possible to recommend the varieties of beetroot Karina and Bordo 237; according to the mass of commercial root crops - Karina and Gazpadynya. The varieties characterized by the greatest responsiveness to the improvement of growing conditions were: Lyubava, Gaspadynya, Dobrynya. The most informative background for identifying the potential productivity of varieties is the environment on the Biryuchekutsk station, on the ecological stability of the complex of signs – the Voronezh station. The most typical environments for growing beets on the grounds of "yield" and "marketability" are the conditions of Biryuchekutsk station, by weight of commercial root crop – Voronezh station.

Relevance. Considering the regional peculiarities of the climate of Belarus in the cultivation of garlic, it is relevant to create varieties with high yields, environmental stability, winter hardiness and product quality in changing environmental conditions. The aim of the research is a comprehensive assessment of the genotypes of winter garlic according to the parameters of adaptability and the selection of the most stable samples among them.Materials and methods. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Growing of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy, Gorki, Mogilev region during 2018-2022. The objects were collectible samples of winter garlic of various ecological and geographical origin. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out using generally accepted methods and guidelines. Meteorological conditions during the years of research differed both in temperature indicators and the amount of precipitation, which contributed to an objective assessment of the studied samples according to a complex of economically useful signs and the determination of parameters of adaptive capacity and environmental stability.Results. As a result a comprehensive assessment of the parameters of adaptive capacity and environmental stability of genotypes was given. The results of the data obtained when studying the reaction of genotypes to the medium showed that 44% (11) of the 25 genotypes were unstable with a positive reaction to the medium, and 56% (14) were stable. Studies have revealed diversity among genotypes in terms of the main parameters of adaptability, including SCGi. The analysis of the data obtained makes it possible to determine the common properties of genotypes with a high level of the SCGi parameter or the differences between them and other issues of the specificity of genotypes with a different combination of adaptability and stability parameters. The specificity consists in a combination of maximum values of the level of parameters Xi, OASi, CACi, with significant responsiveness to improving environmental conditions (bi) and average relative stability. A genotype with a low value of the SCGi parameter can be highly stable and serve as a source of this property. In the opposite case, it can be used as a parent form to transmit to the offspring the properties of productivity in combination with stability.

The article presents the results of ecological and geographical study of table beet samples of the VIR collection. The study was carried out between 2014 and 2016 in three stations located in different soil and climatic zones of the Russian Federation: in Leningrad, Moscow and Krasnodar regions. The main attention is paid to the interaction of the genotype and the environment, as the main reason for the considerable variability in the yield of table beet varieties when growing them in different ecological and geographical zones. Today the search and creation of an initial high-yielding and versatile material for breeding of adaptive beet varieties is one of the most important trends in the table beet breeding programs. The article describes the evaluation of the factors of time and place of cultivation on yield. The factors that make the greatest contribution in the formation of yield are identified. Significant variability in the yield of collection samples, depending on the cultivation zone, was noted. Samples for the intensive type of cultivation in different zones are identified. The variety of table beet for inclusion in breeding programs, as a source of adaptability and high yield is recommended. The variety of table beet «Perfected Detroid Dark Red» (Canada) is recommended for inclusion in breeding programs as a source of adaptability and high yield.

Adaptive properties and selection value of vegetable pea collection based on «seed weight per plant» have been studied. The genotypes with high total and specific adaptive capacity, relative stability, and breeding value for multiple purposes have been revealed.

Relevance. From an agrotechnical point of view, beans are a valuable crop capable of greening agriculture. Legumes have the ability to enter into symbiotic relationships with nodule nitrogen-fixing bacteria and assimilate atmospheric nitrogen. The creation of highly efficient plant-microbial systems in agrocenoses by breeding new varieties of legumes with a high symbiotic potential is a promising direction that makes it possible to control the efficiency of plant biomass accumulation and the quality of agricultural products. There is a need to evaluate varieties for adaptability and nodule-forming ability to implement breeding programs to create highly productive and high-quality varieties that can realize the genetic potential of productivity in the sharply continental climate.Materials and methods. On the basis of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Novosibirsk State Agrarian University in 2018-2020, an assessment was made of green bean varieties of different ecological and geographical origin with a bush type of growth. Experimental fields are located in the village of Michurinsky (left bank of Novosibirsk) and the educational and production farm "Garden of Michurintsev" (right bank of Novosibirsk). The study of samples in terms of adaptability parameters, as well as the ability to form nodules, was performed in accordance with generally accepted methods. We took into account the characteristics that affect the productivity of the crop - the number and weight of beans per plant, the weight of one bean, and the yield. The aim of the work is to evaluate the varieties of vegetable beans for adaptability and nodule-forming ability in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Siberian region.Results. When forming the symbiotic apparatus, the growth conditions were taken into account. It has been established that high rates of biomass are observed on the territory of the village of Michurinsky. Varieties Morena and Maguyra are characterized by intensive growth in the experimental field of the village of Michurinsky, varieties Zoluyshka and Solnyshko – the educational and production farm "Garden of Michurintsev". The total number of nodules per plant varied from 29 (Kormilitsa) to 66. (Zoluyshka), active nodules – from 9 (Kormilitsa) to 49 (Zoluyshka). It is noted that the varieties Solnyshko and Zoluyshka have high rates of general adaptive ability and breeding value of the genotype. A strong relationship has been established between the characteristics of leaf mass and the number of active nodules, the number of active nodules and the leaf surface area; average - between the number of active nodules and plant biomass.

Relevance. The creation of varieties and hybrids with environmental sustainability is a priority in crop breeding. Many issues related to biology and ecology of a number of spice plants remain understudied. The study of the biological and ecological characteristics of common dill in order to create straight varieties with high yields in the phase of industrial ripeness in our conditions has not been carried out. The aim of the research was to evaluate the parameters of adaptive capacity and ecological stability in collection samples of common dill in terms of yield.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the experimental field of the Department of Fruit and Vegetable Growing of the Belarusian State Agricultural Academy, Gorki, Mogilev region over a period of 2012–2014 and 2019–2021. The objects were breeding samples of common dill. Field and laboratory experiments were carried out using generally accepted methods and guidelines. The meteorological conditions during the years of the research differed both in terms of temperature indicators and the amount of precipitation, which contributed to an objective assessment of the varieties under study according to a complex of economically useful traits.Results. The article presents the results of the study of common dill breeding samples obtained in different years of research. In the first set (2012-2014) there were 40 sample plants, in the second set (2019-2020) – 26 pieces. In the course of assessing the parameters of adaptive capacity and ecological stability, the diversity among the samples of common dill was revealed according to the main parameters. The difference in terms of yield between sets of genotypes and test conditions over the years indicates the relationship between the genotype and the environment. Based on the results of studying the common dill collection, the parent material for breeding for a consistently high yield was selected. The regularity of maintaining the stability of the trait "yield" with a repeated set of genotypes in different years of research has been established.

Relevance. The evaluation of adaptive ability of varieties is an actual direction in selection. Phenotypic plasticity of legume crops, in particular green bean, in Siberian region has not been studied enough. There is a need to evaluate grade samples for adaptability and stability, as highly and medium adaptive varieties can realize their genetic potential of productivity in extreme continental climate of Western Siberia.Materials and methods. On the basis Department of Selection, Genetics and Forestry, Novosibirsk State Agrarian University (2015-2019), long-term evaluation of grade samples of green bean of different ecological and geographical origin with a bush type of growth was carried out. Of particular interest are signs that have a significant impact on crop productivity. The signs were studied: number of beans on plant, weight of beans from plant, weight of one bean, yield capacity. The objective of the study is to evaluate the adaptive ability and stability of common bean varieties in the conditions of Siberian region.Results. The conditions of Western Siberia are suitable for cultivating vegetable beans on a green spatula and seeds. It has been established that, based on the weight of one bean, the coefficient of variation has a negative value. This indicates a low variability of the trait depending on the natural and climatic conditions, which allows selection of breeding valuable varieties for this parameter. As a result of the study, 6 genotypes of the crop, combining high productivity and environmental resistance, were selected. It was established that varieties Veronika and Darina can be referred to non-plastic samples. Samples could diversify breeding material of the crop and show the value according to specific features in edaphic-climatic conditions of Western Siberia.

Relevance. Each sample is characterized by a number of biological features, due to the recombination of genetic material in the process of its selection. These features are manifested in the reaction of plants to soil-climatic and technological conditions, expressed in the change of the elements of the yield structure and indicators of the level of adaptability of plants to growing conditions, as well as resistance to lodging. New samples have little-known properties that need to be studied and compared in specific soil and climatic conditions, to assess them in order to decide on the possibility of their zoning or culling. The main indicators characterizing the level of agricultural production are productivity, resistance to lodging, since the shortage of grain as a result of lodging of cereals can reach 15-40%. The introduction of new high-yielding varieties on the basis of their testing and the use of the most effective technological methods of cultivation on crops will allow to receive a significant gross harvest.Materials and methods. The study was carried out in 2016-2018 to assess models of cultural hexaploid species of oats hulled and naked forms of resistance to lodging, yield and adaptability in the temperate continental climate of Central non-Chernozem zone. Resistance to lodging, yield variability, indices of environmental conditions and adaptability were determined. The main method of evaluation of the field resistance to lodging – visual (in points) that allows you to rank the varieties based on this characteristic. We were calculated potential productivity and adaptability of varieties by method L. A. Zhivotkov et al. [1], an indicator of the stability level of the sample yield (Puss) by the method of E. D. Nettevich et al. [2].Results. Many varieties showed good plasticity and high productivity potential. The best in resistance to lodging, yield and adaptability among the hulled forms were varieties Sig, Mirt, Poseidon, Belinda, Rajtar, and the naked forms – Becas, Vyatsky, Korolek.

The characteristics of adaptability of 24 pea varieties to justify the use of the assortment in the technology of conveyor cultivation of raw green peas for freezing in conditions of the south-west of the CCZ is presented.