Relevance. Agroforestry systems are believed to provide a multitude of ecological services. It is thought that agroforestry enhances resilience to the impacts of climate change and aids in adaptation by supporting diverse land use practices, sustainable lifestyles, and income streams, as well as increasing productivity in both forests and agriculture, and reducing weather-related losses in production.Results and Discussion. The aim of this review was to present genuine evidence on the role of agroforestry in ecosystem conservation and mitigation of climate change impacts. Compared to monocropping and open cereal-based agriculture, agroforestry has made a more significant contribution to ecosystem conservation and in reducing carbon dioxide emissions. However, it has been found that agroforestry contributes less to carbon sequestration than natural forests. Carbon sequestration through above-ground and underground biomass, carbon emission reduction from deforestation, and microclimate adjustment are key measures for mitigating climate change. Agroforestry systems provide essential ecosystem services, such as food, fuel wood, fodder, income, and improved soil production, which enable communities to cope better with the impacts of climate change. Therefore, agroforestry must be given significant attention if it is to play a crucial role in ecosystem management.

Relevance. Forests play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance and providing habitats, oxygen, and carbon sinks. However, deforestation resulting from mining, logging, infrastructure development, climate change, and agriculture is leading to their depletion.This paper aims to investigate the underlying factors driving deforestation and their socioeconomic and ecological consequences.Results and Discussion. Deforestation has resulted in the loss of 10 million hectares of global forest cover annually, with direct drivers including fires, logging, and converting forests to agricultural land. Indirect drivers encompass political elections, military conflicts, population density, and corruption. Economic growth, road expansion, and politics have exacerbated the pressure on forests, resulting in biodiversity loss. Deforestation is predicted to continue at a rate of 10 million hectares annually until 2025. To mitigate this issue, measures such as reducing emissions from deforestation, promoting sustainable forest management, and enhancing protected area management can be implemented. Furthermore, legal action should be pursued to address the issue of deforestation.

In article development of the agrarian sector of Sverdlovsk region is analyzed. The author has carried out the complex analysis of the current state of regional agriculture: positions of regions are reflected in production of agriculture of the Ural Federal District, positions of Sverdlovsk region on production in a section of the Ural Federal District are designated and also the structure of agricultural products of area in a section of producers following the results of 2017 is presented. It is established that, despite positive tendencies in development of agriculture of area, this branch both at the macrolevel, and at the level of the region develops in the conditions of investment crisis. On the basis of the analysis of the current economic environment the internal and external factors influencing positively or negatively development of agrobusiness in the region are revealed. The particular emphasis in article is placed on a burning issue of the restrictions connected with support of small-scale and average krestyanskofermersky enterprises, it is more difficult to them to achieve financing of the projects. It is established that public financing is focused on support, but not on forward development of branch that a part of projects from a profitability zone removes, blocking their start. It is shown that the main negative effects recorded in region agriculture as a result of reduction of subsidies and grants from the state were a consequence of such limited policy for landowners. Taking into account it the author has formulated the concrete directions and practical recommendations about elimination of the negative factors constraining attraction of investments into the agrarian sector of the region and the vectors of further development of branch capable to increase her economic growth are allocated.

Relevance. The development of the reclamation complex in the Kaliningrad region is one of the key tasks in achieving food security and improving the well-being of the region. In recent years, this issue has been highly relevant due to a number of geopolitical events. An important role in the agriculture of the region is played by the municipal district "Slavsky urban district" located mostly on polder lands with high potential fertility. A number of reasons led to the fact that the main part of drainage reclamation systems was deployed on this territory, which, if properly operated, are capable of leveling almost all the consequences of climatic phenomena that are difficult for agriculture. Despite the importance of this issue, the technical state and development of the amelioration complex have recently been given active attention.Purpose of work. Consider current trends and prospects for the development of the irrigation and drainage complex of the Slavsky region.Material and methods. To achieve this goal, stock materials of the Kaliningradmeliovodkhoz Administration and information from the Unified Information System in the field of procurement were analyzed.Results and conclusions. It can be concluded from the work that the technical condition of the reclamation systems is still unsatisfactory. The positive trends in land reclamation issues have increased significantly at the moment, which has increased the prospects for changing the situation for the better. Ideally, an increase in today's subsidies by 2-2.5 times is required, with the transition to the following investment ratio: 70% - for network operation, and 30% - for network reconstruction. It is also necessary to implement a number of socio-political decisions.

The article discusses the issues of import substitution in the market of agricultural products and resources for their production in Russian Federation, ensuring the country's food security. Research results show that since 2014, when the active import substitution policy began, there have been significant changes in the agri-food trade, characterized by a decline in imports and an increase in exports. However, in different product segments of the market the speed of these changes varies. Despite ensuring the country's food independence for most types of agricultural products, the dependence on the import of resources for its production remains significant. At the same time, the demand for agricultural products remains under pressure from declining household income, as well as a significant income differentiation. In this regard, suggestions were made for making adjustments to the doctrine of food security, primarily in terms of assessing the economic affordability of food. Also, an assessment was made of the changes made to the state program for the development of agriculture in conjunction with the strategic objectives of the development of the Russian Federation defined for the period up to 2024. The need to ensure consistency between the tasks assigned to the agro-industrial complex to achieve the country's food security, increasing the export potential of the domestic agri-food products and resources allocated for development, was noted.

The perspectives of the development of agriculture in Russia in modern times and main results of work of the Committee of the State Duma on Natural Resources, Management and Ecology are presented in the article. For the purpose of food sovereignty, the import ration should not be exceeded 25% from overall volume of food production. The Russian Academy of Agricultural Science worked on the potential of agricultural sector, which has to be the duty-bearer of food supply security of Russia and the source of raw materials for the trade. Up to now, the Russian scientists have developed a lot of competitive varieties and hybrids, widespread commercial introduction of which is able to guarantee of high quality products.

24-26 September 2014 in the Republic of Bulgaria the International scientific and practical conference entitled «Plant Physiology and Genetics – Achievements and Challenges» was hold. The forum discussed the biotechnology and genetic approaches for environmental and sustainable agriculture; genetic resources and biodiversity; efficient use of plant nutrition and symbiotic interaction; regulation of plant growth and development; photosynthesis under stress conditions.