This review presents an analysis of the literature, which indicates the popularity of breeding methods in the fight against oomycete and fungal diseases of tomato: late blight (pathogen − Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary), fusarium wilt (pathogen − Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) Snyder and Hansen), early blight or alternariosis (pathogens − representatives of the genus Alternaria), cladosporiosis (pathogen−Cladosporium fulvum Cook.). Theoretical and practical achievements, the latest developments in genetics, molecular biology, plant physiology, microbiology are considered. Special attention is paid to modern information about the diversity of tomato pathogens, their morphological, genetic, physiological features, including racial composition; the presence of pathogen resistance genes in the gene pool of the culture under study, their mapping and the possibility of introduction into the genome from other sources; about the developed markers of target genes and loci of quantitative traits; the degree of associations between a molecular marker and a target gene; about the features of inheritance of the studied trait, as well as the possibility of pyramiding R-genes and QTL in one genotype. To accelerate and improve the efficiency of tomato breeding for resistance to pathogens, these issues are of great importance. Their study will strengthen the integration of modern biotechnology with the traditional breeding process, which is carried out by classical methods.

The investigations were conducted on the fields of the Kazakh Research Institute of Potato and Vegetable Growing located on the northern slope of the Zailiysky Alatau, 40 km to the west of Almaty city, under irrigation conditions. The soil of the experimental site is dark chestnut with medium-loamy structure. 37 carrot accessions with different geographic origins were the object of the study in the nursery of the initial breeding forms to evaluate their productivity and field resistance to foliar diseases such as Alternaria, Powdery Mildew. When symptoms expressed maximally 1.5 months before the harvest of carrot, visual assessment of leaf surface damaged by foliar infections was carried out according to the scale of infection, where 0 meant no damaged leaves; 1 meant very light damage (1-10% of leaves); 2 meant light damage (11-25% of leaves); 3 meant medium damage (26-50% of leaves); 4 meant severe damage (over 51% of leaves). The visual observation showed that two breeding accessions CR00655 and CR01253 had immunity to powdery mildew that maximally spread out over other carrot accessions approaching of 100% of damage of leaf surface with the score from 1.8 to 3.8 points, when disease developing from 45.0 to 93.8%. Alternaria spread on carrot plants not very intensively, only 17% of plants in the nursery were hardly attacked at 0.1-0.4 points as scored. The correlation analysis showed the absence of any link between characteristics of productivity and damage parameters caused by foliar diseases at r=0,005-0,225.

Tree-shaped plants of tomato have many useful traits, which gain them advantages over common tomato forms. In world plant collection there are over 200 accessions, cultivars and hybrids of tree-shaped tomato. The aim of the study was to develop new initial tomato accessions for breeding program for tree-shaped cultivars and hybrids that are distinguished by a shape, fruit weight and color, improved by interspecific hybridization chemical composition and resistance to the major diseases. The tree-shaped breeding lines: ‘196/12’, ‘374/08’, ‘909/14’, ‘911/14’ and other were observed with the use of interspecific hybridization and selection in the population F2-F4. The selected lines passed the trial in artificially infected condition with Alternaria, viral diseases (MToV, TSWV) and phytoplasmas. Among breeding lines assessed the ‘911/14’, ‘374/08’ and‘40/11’ were less affected by complex of pathogens. The lines ‘196/12’ and ‘909/14’ passed an assessment in the nursery for variety trial in naturally and  provocatively infected conditions with major pathogens. Both breeding lines had an advantage over standard accession ‘Laguna’ and ‘Maraphon’ for total yield capacity and standard fruit harvest; it was more by 9.6% and 52.2% and 9.5% and 53.4% respectively. Fruits of lines 196/12 and 909/14 had good taste quality with high content of dry matter (5.8% and 6.8%), sugars (3.3% and 3.1%), vitamin C (22.2 and 24.8 mg/100 grams). The selected tree-shaped accessions have been used to develop heterotic hybrids and to be sources of economically valuable traits.

Selection of infected material for research was carried out in experimental carrot plots at GNU VNIIO (Moscow region), Voronezh OOS (Voronezh oblast), Baraccudas OOS (Rostovregion) and Israel. The first year plants of carrot, the roots, were used for the study. There are many scientific papers cited where many different methods of artificial infection of plants with fungal disease pathogens were given to control the stability of carrot genotypes in various phases of plant development. One of the ways to lead the purposed breeding program for resistance is the extraction of pathogens isolates and the method of fast assessment on the basis of determining the aggressiveness of new strains and their use in breeding work. This article presents a method of inoculation of cut-discs of root. A great advantage of the method is in its efficiency and the current results can be obtained within 2 weeks from the moment of infection. As a result, the work on the isolation of fungi from carrot plants, the pure culture collection of strains: Alternaria radicina and Fusarium avenaceum was obtained. The characteristics and morphology description of colonies of isolates of RR. Alternaria and Fusarium found in carrot plants taken from different ecological and geographical zones were given. The most aggressive isolates of the following ecological and geographical zones as Alternaria at Moscow and Rostov regions, Fusarium at Voronezh and Moscow regions were revealed. These isolates will be used as standards of aggressiveness for the test of newly isolated strains regarded as inoculum to conduct immunological experimentsin carrot breeding for resistance to Fusarium and Alternaria.