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Cucumber breeding lines are a prospective material for creating new varieties for open ground in southern Russia
2021
O. P. Kigashpaeva | A. V. Gulin | L. P. Lavrova
The varieties and hybrids of cucumbers cultivated in the Astrakhan region are insufficiently productive and are largely affected by a number of diseases. The introduction of innovative developments into production, in particular, new varieties and hybrids of domestic selection, largely solves the problem of import substitution and food security. The goal is to use promising breeding lines and their offspring as genetic sources and donors when creating new varieties and hybrids for open field conditions in southern Russia.Methods. Experiments were carried out in the fields of Precaspian agrarian federal scientific center of the Russian academy of sciences, according to the methods used in the Astrakhan region. Within three years, 47 collection samples were tested.Results. The article presents the results of studying the 12 most promising ones, distinguished by a complex of valuable economic traits, in particular by yield, amicability of fruit setting, which are of interest for further breeding work. According to the results of the data obtained, we can say that the best were the lines: 13-88RZ, 13-101RZ, Gherkins, KRASTAVAC, Courage, Zina, they can be used to create new varieties and hybrids of cucumber as donors of a predominantly female type of flowering, harmonious yield.
Show more [+] Less [-]Screening of beetroot breeding lines for resistance to phomosis | Скрининг селекционных линий свеклы столовой по устойчивости к фомозу
2023
Vetrova, S.A. | Kozar', Е.G. | Engalycheva, I.A. | Mukhina, K.S.
One of the most widespread and economically significant diseases of beet crop is phomosis also known as zonal spotting of beet. The disease causative agent affects plants at different ontogenesis stages; it leads to significant yield losses. The research was conducted to study the spread and harmfulness level of phomosis agent (Phoma betae Frank) in modern conditions of the Moscow region and to assess the resistance of linear beetroot material to this disease in vivo and in vitro. The work was carried out in 2017–2023 at the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center (Moscow region, Odintsovo district). Phytomonitoring of the development of storage diseases has revealed an increase in the prevalence and aggressiveness of phomosis, especially in the period from 2020 to 2022, by 30% and 20%, respectively, compared to the previous period (2017–2019). The selection for resistance to phomosis was carried out under varying in vivo infectious loads in different research years. It resulted in reducing the number of susceptible lines from 14 to 4%. Immunological assessment of in vitro resistance of individual genotypes of selected lines to the most aggressive isolates of Ph. betae agent showed sufficiently high resistance compared to susceptibility standard 'Bordo odnosemiannaya'; the affected disc areas averaged 73 and 165 mm3, respectively. In the offspring of resistant genotypes selected after immunological evaluation, a decrease in phomosis prevalence (no more than 10%) and a change in the population structure, were observed: there was a shift of the main peak of distribution curves of root crops according to the intensity of disc damage by an aggressive isolate of Ph. betae towards resistant genotypes. Such an integrated approach resulted in obtaining three isogenic pairs of ms- and mf-lines (A and B) and eight paternal pollinator lines (C) of beetroot with stably high resistance to phomosis. They will be used to develop new hybrids based on cytoplasmic male sterility. | Одной из наиболее распространенных и экономически значимых болезней на культуре свеклы столовой является фомоз, возбудитель которого поражает растения на разных стадиях онтогенеза, приводя к значительным потерям урожая. Исследования проводили с целью изучения распространения и уровня вредоносности возбудителя фомоза (Phoma betae Frank) в современных условиях Московской области и оценки устойчивости к данной болезни линейного материала свеклы столовой в условиях in vivo и in vitro. Работу выполняли в ФГБНУ "Федеральный научный центр овощеводства" (Московская область, Одинцовский район) в 2017–2022 гг. В результате проведенного фитомониторинга развития болезней хранения отмечено нарастание распространенности и агрессивности фомоза, особенно в период с 2020 по 2022 гг., на 30 и 20% соответственно по сравнению с предыдущим периодом исследований (2017–2019). Отбор на устойчивость к фомозу вели в условиях различающейся инфекционной нагрузки in vivo в различные годы исследований. В результате удалось снизить число восприимчивых линий с 14 до 4%. Иммунологическая оценка устойчивости in vitro индивидуальных генотипов отобранных линий к наиболее агрессивным изолятам возбудителя Ph. betae показала их достаточно высокую устойчивость относительно стандарта восприимчивости сорта Бордо односемянная; объем зоны поражения дисков в среднем составил 73 и 165 мм3 соответственно. В потомствах устойчивых генотипов, отобранных после иммунологической оценки, отмечено снижение распространенности фомоза (не более 10%) и изменение в структуре популяций со смещением основного пика кривых распределения корнеплодов по интенсивности поражения дисков агрессивным изолятом Ph. betae в сторону устойчивых генотипов. В результате комплексного подхода получены три изогенных пары ms- и mf- линий (А и В) и восемь отцовских линий-опылителей (С) свеклы столовой со стабильно высокой устойчивостью к фомозу. Они будут использованы для создания новых гибридов на основе цитоплазматической мужской стерильности.
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