Yaltinskiy onion is one of the symbols of the Crimea, the very name of which is tied to the famous resort, which emphasizes belonging to the Crimean Peninsula. Salad sweet onion is in constant demand among the guests of the peninsula and locals. Its price is several times higher than the price of other onion varieties. Unfortunately, under the guise of Yaltinskiy sortotype, products that are much inferior to it according to taste peculiarities are often sold. In this regard, creation of new cultivar of sweet salad onion, exceeding palatability of the existing cultivar Yaltinskiy Rubin is an urgent task, having an undeniable economic direction. The source material was collected at various zones of the Crimean Peninsula. During the research, hybridization and selection in hybrid progeny were carried out. The plants were analyzed using various methods of evaluation. Much attention was paid to biochemical analysis. The palatability traits are important for the onion cultivars of salad direction. The best indicators for sugars and vitamin C were identified in salad onion of a new cultivar Yaltinskiy plus. Reducing the content of essential oil has improved the taste and its consumer properties. Useful properties were also supplemented by the fact that the presence of selenium antioxidant 68 μg/kg and anthocyanins of 1.66 mg/100 g in salad onions was established, which is 1.5 and 2.3 times higher than the standard sample showed. The content of quercetin and other polyphenols was also noted. The cultivar is characterized by high agronomic stability (90%), product quality (88%), and productivity (49 tons per ha).

A complex analysis is crucial for obtaining new resistant varieties and developing recommendations for the use of the fruit of Chaenomeles. The task of this study was to assess the productivity and quality of the fruit of the selected forms of Chaenomeles in Central Russia, with the determination of the possibility of a no-waste technology for fruit processing, and the appropriateness of using functional food in the composition of products. The studies were conducted in 2012-2016. In the Botanical Gardens of the National Research University "BelGU" (Belgorod), in the FGBNU VSTISP and GBS N.V. Tsitsina. As materials for the study, 6 selective forms of Chaenomeles, obtained from free pollination of the ‘Calif’ variety, used as a control, were used. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted methodology of varietal studies, along with using the authors' methodical development. A sufficiently high nutritional and biological value of the chelating of the Chaenomeles fruit has been observed. At the same time, the minerals, carbohydrates and vitamins from entire fruits exceed the content of ones squeezed from the pulp. The obtained results of the studies allow us to conclude that it is advisable to organize a non-waste technology for the processing of fruit of Chaenomeles, which can serve as one of the components for the enrichment of food products. Thus, a comprehensive assessment of the biological properties and productivity of breeding forms of Chaenomeles has been made showing that they exceeded the parent variety in stability are regarded as promising intense-vitamin fruit culture, that can be used for various processing methods, as part of functional and therapeutic product-prophylactic nutrition, especially in obtaining natural low-calorie foods.

The technique of creation and the characteristic  of two draft lines of a tomato with functional male sterility (ps-2) are given. The results of the five-year  (2014-2018) test of two medium early determinant  F1  hybrids for open ground (F1   Orlik and F1 Ogonjok), based on draft sterile line 1324, are presented. New hybrids in  total yield and yield of standard fruits are not inferior to the Dutch hybrids F1   Yaqui («Seminis»)  and F1   Asterix («Syngenta»)  zoned in Transnistria and Moldova. The fruits of the new hybrids are plum-shaped (index 1,3 units), medium size (weight 50-70 g), bright red, with a shiny surface without a green spot. Сhemical composition and the physico-mechanical properties of fresh fruit meet the requirements. The content of solids in the fruit-more than 5%, total sugars - more than 3%, acidity is medium, sugar-acid index-about 7 unit. The strength of the fruit is high: the crushing force is more than 7 kg, the specific resistance to crushing is more than 120 and 140 g / g of mass, the force to puncture the skin is more than 260 and 280 g / mm2 .

The most important task for the sustainable development of modern agriculture is to increase the biological diversity of cultivated crops. In recent years, due to global climate change, the possibilities of using more thermophilic crops in new agro-ecological zones have expanded. The problem of increasing the biological diversity of vegetable products largely depends on the introduction of non-traditional plant species, with a simultaneous assessment of the initial material for its use in economically useful purposes and the creation of varieties and hybrids adapted to local conditions. In this regard, Nigella L. is of great interest among rare plant species. It is one of the most famous spicy-aromatic crops in the Mediterranean and Central Asia, possessing a wide range of biologically active compounds and unique medicinal properties. The review article provides information on the origin, biological characteristics and breeding of the culture. A brief review of food, medicinal and other economically useful properties is given, as well as the main elements of the technology for growing nigella are considered. It is shown that the cultivation of this culture will provide an opportunity to expand the range of non-traditional plants and be a promising renewable source of valuable plant raw materials, which will find application in various fields: in agriculture, in the food, pharmaceutical, perfumery and cosmetic industries, as well as in ornamental gardening.

The value of the root chicory is due to the unique chemical composition of its roots. Depending on the variety, place of growth and growing conditions of culture chicory roots contain 72.0-77.0% water, 1.0-1.2% protein, 0.1-0.3% fat, 1.0-6.0% sugar, 12.0-30% inulin, 1.3-1.8% fiber, 1.1-1.9% ash, 0.3-0.4% phosphorus, 1.3-1.4% potassium, 0.3-0.4% calcium. Chicory roots can serve as a raw material for the production of various products: coffee surrogate, alcohol, sugar substitute and inulin in its pure form. Depending on the type of final product, the processing industry has different requirements for the chemical composition of the root crops. Coffee-chicory industry makes demands of the high content of inulin in the roots as the main nutritional flavor substratum, the high content of glucoside of inhibin reporting chicory drink a specific coffee flavor and aroma, and low content of proteins. The sugar industry is interested in a high percentage of inulin and other soluble carbohydrates that are easily converted into sugars, and in a small content of intibin, which gives the product a bitter taste, as well as in a small amount of proteins that are the most malicious pathogens that complicate sugar extraction. In the production of pure inulin, the processing industry is primarily interested in ensuring that the content of this carbohydrate in the root crops is as high as possible. The alcohol industry is interested in a high content of soluble carbohydrates as the main source material for alcohol, in a high content of soluble proteins as a nutrient substrate for the development of yeast cultures in the fermentation of sugar and in a high content of phosphorus and potassium salts, also necessary for the successful reproduction of yeast. The article reflects the economic importance of root chicory as a raw material for the needs of different types of industry (coffee-cyclical, alcohol, sugar), depending on the content of different substances in the root crops. The chemical composition, dynamics of accumulation of substances during the growing season and their distribution in different parts of the root crop are reflected.

The purpose is to evaluate the efficiency of foliage application of selenium and the influence of enriching on biochemical values of wild garlic leaves. It was demonstrated that enrichment of plants in selenium resulted in significant increase of chlorophylls a and b, carotinoids, and two-fold increase of both polyphenol concentration and total antioxidant activity and an increase in the selenium content in leaves14.4-fold. Biofortification of plants with selenium resulted in 1.36, 1.28 and 1.38 - fold increase of Cr, Fe and V, respectively, in leaves compared to leaves of non-enriched plants. Leaves of A. ursinum enriched in selenium showed anomalously low Silicon content compared to non enriched plants. Compared to wild garlic grown in the Moscow region, the wild garlic of the Chechen republic accumulated 2-fold lower levels of dry matter and 4.8-fold higher levels of monosaccharides. Compared to non – garlic leaves, those of A. ursinum demonstrated significantly higher levels of Cu, Fe, Mg и Zn. The results obtained suggest that wild garlic enriched in selenium may be considered as a new functional food with strong antioxidant activity. | Цель – оценка эффективности внекорневого внесения селена и влияние обогащения на биохимические показатели листьев дикорастущей черемши. Показано, что обогащение растений селеном приводит к достоверному возрастанию в листьях черемши содержания хлорофиллов а и b, каротиноидов, двукратному возрастанию содержания полифенолов и уровня антиоксидантной активности и увеличению содержания селена в листьях в 14,4 раза. Содержание Cr, Fe и V в листьях обогащенных растений было соответственно в 1,36; 1,28; 1,38 раз выше, чем у не обогащенных растений. Отличительной особенностью обогащенных селеном растений явилось аномально низкое содержание кремния в листьях по сравнению с не обогащенной селеном черемшой, в отличие от других видов растений рода Allium, обогащенных селеном. По сравнению с черемшой, выращенной в Московской области, дикая черемша Чеченской Республики содержала в 2 раза меньше сухого вещества и в 4,8 раз больше моносахаров. По сравнению с листьями чеснока листья черемши, не обогащенной селеном, отличались более высоким содержанием Cu, Fe, Mg и Zn. Результаты свидетельствуют о том, что черемша, обогащенная селеном, может рассматриваться как новый функциональный продукт с мощной антиоксидантной активностью.

Biochemical composition of 6 parsley varieties bred at the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center was investigated. Dry matter content was in the range of 20.56-25.92%. Monosaccharides concentrations varied from 1.29 to 2.14%. High correlation between dry matter and monosaccharides content in leaves was revealed (r=0.97). The highest concentration of ascorbic acid was demonstrated in leaves of two varieties: Nezhnost and Briz. The highest antioxidant activity (AOA) and polyphenol content were typical for leaves of root-parsley and curly variety Krasotka (45.1 mg-eq GA/g d.w., 16.6 mg-eq GA/g d.w. and 55.55 mg-eq GA/g d.w., 15.8 mg-eq GA/g d.w. accordingly). AOA level was found to be strictly connected with the content of ascorbic acid and a strong correlation was demonstrated between these parameters (r=0.92, P less than 0.01). The highest concentration of photosynthetic pigments was typical for the Nezhnost variety. A quadratic relationship between dry matter content/monosaccharides and AOA/ascorbic acid happened to be peculiar for parsley. Significant intervarietal differences of macroelements accumulation in parsley leaves are revealed. Thus the highest levels of manganese were accumulated Nezhnost cultivar, zinc and copper – Krasotka variety, iron – Krasotka, Moscvichka and root parsley. | Изучен биохимический состав 6 сортов петрушки, выведенных в Федеральном научном центре овощеводства. Содержание сухого вещества находилось в интервале концентраций от 20.56 до 25.92%, уровень моносахаров варьировал от 1.29 до 2.14%. Показана высокая корреляционная взаимосвязь (r=0.97) между показателями сухого вещества и моносахаров в надземной массе. Выявлено, что максимальный уровень аскорбиновой кислоты характерен для двух сортов Бриз и Нежность. Наибольшая величина антиоксидантной активности (АОА) и содержания полифенолов установлена для листьев корневого сортообразца и кудрявой петрушки сорта Красотка (45.1 мг-экв ГК/г с.м., 16.6 мг-экв ГК, г.с.м. и 55.5, 15.8 мг-экв ГК/г с.м. соответственно). Установлено, что уровень АОА в значительной степени определяется содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты, причем между этими показателями отмечена высокая корреляция (коэффициент корреляции 0.92, P меньше 0.01). Максимальный уровень фотосинтетических пигментов был характерен для сорта Нежность. Отличительной особенностью петрушки от других листовых культур было проявление квадратичной зависимости между содержанием сухого вещества и уровнем сахаров и АОА и аскорбиновой кислоты. Установлены значительные межсортовые различия в аккумулировании макроэлементов. Так, сорт Нежность накапливал наибольшее количество марганца, сорт Красотка – цинка и меди, сорта Красотка, Москвичка и петрушка корневая – железа.