Relevance. One of the dynamically developing areas of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Dagestan is vegetable growing of protected ground. This is facilitated by natural and climatic conditions, the availability of markets for products, and the interest of vegetable producers in expanding greenhouse areas. The area of greenhouses today exceeds 230 hectares. The lack of science-based technology, the lack of promising hybrids, due to the lack of study of the topic of growing and selecting varieties of vegetable crops in protected ground in the conditions of Flat and foothill Dagestan, greenhouse farms bear significant losses. The quantity and quality of the greenhouse tomato crop largely depends on the well-chosen varieties (hybrids) of tomato, the timing of seed sowing and seedling planting.Methods. Experimental work was carried out in the greenhouse of LLC Agro-AS. The selection and evaluation of tomato hybrids for cultivation in film greenhouses in the winter-spring turnover were carried out. The control is the Tiwai 12 F1. The optimal time for sowing seeds and planting seedlings in the substrate for winter-spring turnover of film greenhouses was determined.Results. The characteristic of promising hybrids for growing in winter and spring turnover is given. The results of the dynamics of crop yield by month are presented. The influence of sowing and planting times on the duration of the growing season and the yield of tomatoes is shown. The optimal scheme of sowing and planting tomatoes in the conditions of winter and spring turnover is determined. Data on the economic efficiency of the studied planting dates are presented. The prospects of growing the studied hybrids in this region are indicated.

The purpose of the research was to study and optimize the timing of growing tomatoes in conditions of transitional turnover, taking into account the natural and climatic conditions of Dagestan, biological features of culture, lighting conditions, market demand for vegetable products, profitability of production. Experimental studies were carried out in 2015-2016 in the greenhouse farm "Niva". The technology of tomato cultivation in winter and film greenhouses in the transitional turnover of the 6th and 7th light zone of the country is shown, its economic efficiency is shown in the light conditions of Dagestan. The studied F1 hybrids were distinguished by a good harvest yield from December to April, the highest yields were scored by hybrids: Tomimaru Mucho F1, Pink Paradise F1, providing 15.68 and 14.98 kg. The economic evaluation of the studied hybrids and varieties of tomato showed that during planting sowing and planting cannot be delayed, since plants fall into conditions of limited illumination by young ones that have not yet entered the phase of mass fruiting, and the harvest in the winter months is sharply reduced, profitability decreases. According to the average market price for the sale of tomato fruits in the winter months of 200 and 210 rubles per kg, depending on the timing of harvesting and marketing, the profitability of production of hybrids was in %%: Tomimaru Mucho F1 – 120-170, Tiwai F1 – 125-170, Pink Paradise F1 – 123-174, Revermun F1 – 90-110, Lvovich F1 – 123-159. Such profitability of cultivation of the studied varieties indicates that their growing in the transitional turnover is economically profitable.

Most of the pea varieties used in the production of canned vegetables have similar morphological structure of the stalk: shortened internodes, their limited number and location in the upper part of the stalk. The deficiency of such plant architectonics is low yielding capacity, therefore, selection of vegetable peas must be aimed at increasing the yield of and quality of green peas, resistance to abiotic factors of the environememt. The production of pea varieties having an increased number of yielding nodes will allow changing the relation between the nonproductive and reproductive parts to the advantage of the latter. The pea varieties from the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center were used as the research varieties. The main method of work was intervarietal hybridization with subsequent single plant selection. In 2018-2019 the selected lines were seeded in a nursery with an area of 7 m2. The forms with changed flowering pattern (Pervenets, Ranniy 28-11, Wenson) and the most yielding early and midseason varieties (Dakota, Ranniy Gribovsky 11, Voronezhsky Zelyony, Korsar, Orus, Viola, Zelyonaya Strela, Quartella) were used as parent components. The selection was performed on the basis of the following features: changed flowering pattern, the number of yielding nodes, the number of legumes on a node, as well as the length of a bean and the number of seeds in a legume. A finometer was used for the determination of the green pea hardness. Sample 50-4-19 having a relatively low number of yielding nodes (6, 9) had the highest characteristics and was considerably superior to all the other samples by its yielding capacity during the first and the second harvesting periods (7.24 and 9.55 tons per hectare). The selection of the early forms with the changed flowering pattern and the shift of the attraction centre to the 2nd or to the 3rd node allow carrying out breeding aimed at increasing the early ripeness and the yielding capacity of peas. | Большинство сортов гороха овощного консервного направления использования имеют схожую морфологическую структуру стебля: укороченные междоузлия, ограниченное их число и расположение в верхней части стебля. Недостатками такой архитектоники растений является низкая продуктивность, поэтому селекция гороха овощного должна быть направлена на повышение урожайности и качества зеленого горошка, устойчивости к абиотическим факторам среды. Создание сортов с увеличенным числом продуктивных узлов позволит изменить соотношение непродуктивной и репродуктивной частей в пользу последней. Материалом для исследований послужили сорта гороха овощного из коллекции Федерального научного центра овощеводства. Основной метод работы – межсортовая гибридизация с последующим индивидуальным отбором. Анализ гибридного материала по числу продуктивных узлов и учет урожайности зеленого горошка и семян по каждому узлу проводили в сравнении с родительскими формами. В 2018-2019 гг. выделенные линии высевали в питомнике площадью 7 м2. В качестве родительских компонентов использовали формы с измененным характером цветения (Первенец, Ранний 28-11, Wenson) и наиболее продуктивные ранние и среднеспелые сорта (Дакота, Ранний грибовский 11, Воронежский зеленый, Корсар, Orus, Виола, Зеленая стрела, Квартелла). Отбор проводили по следующим признакам: измененная форма цветения, число продуктивных узлов, число бобов на узле, длина боба и число семян в бобе. Для определения твердости зеленого горошка использовали финометр. Образец 50-4-19 при относительно невысоком числе продуктивных узлов (6,9) имел самые высокие показатели и значительно превосходил все другие образцы по урожайности при первом и втором сроке уборки (7,24 и 9,55 т/га). Выделение ранних форм с измененным характером цветения и смещением центра аттракции на 2-3 узел позволяет вести селекцию на раннеспелость и продуктивность.