Relevance. New technologies Plenty-type in greenhouse vegetable production is wide spread in some countries of Europe, America, South-East Asia and support with main investors of these countries. Project “Vertical farming” was started in FSBSI “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center” at 2010. The goal of our study is the results of the testing plants Apiaceae family at multy circle hydroponic installation using the natural regulators from glycosides class.Materials and methods. Objects of study: plants Apiaceae family – Coriandrum sativum L. (variety Jubilar), Anethum graveolens L. (variety Rusich), Apium graveolens L. (variety Aeliksir); flavonoid glycoside linarozid from plants Linaria vulgaris Mill. L., steroid glycoside moldstim from seeds Capsicum annuum L.. Methods of study: seed treatment with 0,001% water solutions of glycosides, cultivation of plants Apiaceae family at the multi circle hydroponic construction.Results. First experiment by cultivation of plants Apiaceae family at multi circle hydroponic construction was successful and show, that plants Apiaceae family can cultivate at vertical installations Plenty-type. Reaction on the seed treatment with water solutions of glycosides is depended on the species of plants. Seed treatment with glycosides increased height of plants and weight of leaves of Coriandrum sativum L. Anethum graveolens L. increased germination of seeds after seed treatment with water solution of linarozide. Apium graveolens L. increased germination of seeds, height of plants and weight of leaves after seed treatment with water solutions of glycosides. But water solution of moldstim was more effective in 2020, and water solution of linarozide was more effective in 2021.

Relevance A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, cabbage originated in culture from the large-leaved forms of leafy cabbage. Portuguese tronchuda is a transitional form to a typical headed cabbage. It is represented by leafy and semi-capped forms and evolutionarily related to Portuguese halega (Galician) leafy cabbage. White cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. convar. capitata (DC.) Alef. var. capitata L. f. alba DC.) is the most significant in the world and Russian economy. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (varieties of white cabbage and tronchuda) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics. Methods The research material included 48 samples of cabbage, including 27 samples of 13 European cultivar types, including Dutch, Central European and South European cultivar types, 8 samples – two Russian northwestern and central Russian cultivar types and 13 samples – five oriental cultivar types of Caucasian and Turkish-Balkan origin, 9 samples – Portuguese cabbage tronchuda from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographic and genetic diversity of cabbage. Samples of cabbage were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology of VIR. Results As a result of using of the modern non-specific metabolic approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of white cabbage, about 100 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, wax, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques, including the nonspecific metabolic approach, new data on the biochemical composition of white and semi-capped forms were obtained. The cabbage within the studied botanical varieties and groups of cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes cabbage samples as samples with potentially high value (the role and importance of far from all compounds in the organization of healthy human nutrition is known), which confirms the need for in-depth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Samples with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of theRussian Federation were found.

As a result of the research carried out in 2013-2016, the viability and originality of 1157 accessions of root vegetables have been preserved. 250 breeding accessions of carrot, beetroot and radish have been assessed for different economically valuable traits in open field and laboratory tests. Out of them, 65 accessions were selected out as sources of economically valuable traits. The early-maturing accessions of radish, such as ‘Korsar’, ‘Francuzsky Zavtrak’, ‘Mikhnevsky 1’, ‘18 Dney’, ‘Koroleva Margo’, ‘Polyna’, ‘Rozovo-Krasny s Belym Konchikom’, ‘Sofit’, ‘Kvarta’, ‘Saksa’, ‘Variant’ were regarded. The carrot accessions, such as ‘Scarlet’, ‘Koroleva Oseni’, ‘Dlinnaya Krasnaya’ were distinguished as sources of high yield capacity. The sources of high root yield in beetroot were varieties: ‘Valenta’, ‘Mestnaya iz Madagaskara’, Goldiers Super Black Beet, Zwaans Early Red Chief. The long shelf-life during wintertime was observed in beetroot varieties: ‘Slowiblot’, ‘Valenta’, ‘Lomarina’. The varieties: ‘Nevezhes’, ‘Neger Schwarz Halblange’, ‘Goldiers Super Black Beet’ were distinguished by high root marketability. With the use of world plant collection at VIR, the following varieties of root vegetables: ‘Dar Podmoskovya’ in carrot; ‘Osennya Princessa’ in beetroot; ‘Mikhnevskiy 1 ‘in garden radish; ‘Osenniy Krasavets’ in daikon; ‘Albina’ in root parsley; ‘Atlant’ in parsnip; Moscowskiy Krasavets in celery, and ‘Oseniya Udacha’ in wild radish were developed. It was also shown those varieties that had high yield capacity and root marketability were distinguished by small epidermal cell structure and large number of stomata per unit of leaf surface. It may be supposed that the large number of stomata per unit of leaf surface and small epidermal cell structure was the evidence of adaptive capacity of accessions taken for the study.

The problems of study and utilization of plant germplasm collections and arrangement of genetic resources based on botanical, functional, morphological, biochemical, and genetical principles are underlined in the article. The types of identified and systemized germplasm collections and genetic resources of flowering plants are described. The search path and methods of identification, differentiation, arrangement, and selection of genetic donors and germplasm collections of traits of ontogenetic and phylogenetic adaptation are shown in the article.

Relevance. A commonly cultivated and demanded type of vegetable crops – cabbage Brassica oleracea L. – in the process of evolution and domestication was divided into three clusters: leafy cabbage, headed cabbage and broccoli (cauliflower). According to modern data, Broccoli was developed by hybridization from collard greens and is the genetic precursor to cauliflower. Broccoli and cauliflower have a valuable biochemical composition and are recommended for daily consumption. The characteristic of cultures of Brassica oleracea L. (broccoli and cauliflower) is given according to the most important biochemical quality characteristics. Material and methods. The research material included 30 accessions of broccoli and 35 accessions of cauliflower from the VIR collection, reflecting the ecological, geographical and genetic diversity. Accessions were grown at the research and production base "Pushkin and Pavlovsk Laboratories VIR" (St. Petersburg), biochemical analysis was carried out in the laboratory of biochemistry and molecular biology VIR using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Results. The characterization of Brassica oleracea L. species (broccoli and cauliflower) is given according to the main most important biochemical quality characteristics. As a result of using of the modern gas chromatography/mass spectrometry approach to the study of the biochemical composition in samples of broccoli and cauliflower, about 136 components have been identified from the groups of organic acids, free amino acids, including essential, fatty acids, including essential, polyhydric alcohols, sugars, and also phenolic compounds, nucleosides, and others. Regularity in the accumulation of nutrient and biologically active substances by cultures of Brassica oleracea L., by cultivar types and individual samples were revealed. As a result of our research using modern techniques new data on the biochemical composition of broccoli and cauliflower were obtained. B.oleracea within the studied botanical varieties and cultivar types has a complex biochemical composition that characterizes them as accessions with potentially high value, which confirms the need for indepth control of the biochemical composition of plants when breeding new varieties. Accessions with the optimal component composition for balanced human nutrition, which are proposed to be used in breeding for quality, including obtaining varieties for healthy (functional) and therapeutic and prophylactic nutrition of the population of the Russian Federation were found.

The  EUCARPIA European Plant Genetic Resources Conference «Pre6breeding – fishing in the gene pool» was held at the campus of the Swedish University of Agricultural Science  (SLU) in Alnarp from 10 to 13 June  2013. This meeting gathered various members of the gene bank community of practice as well as users of the genetic resources  from all around the World.

Relevance and research material. In 2023, it was 100 years since the beginning of the collection, study and preservation of the world doublet collection of potatoes (UNU, registration USU_505851) at the Polar Experimental Station of the VIR branch. This is one of the oldest and unique potato collections, the preservation of which is carried out in the field. The first potato samples began to enter the collection in 1923. Now the potato doublet collection has 3200 samples. It includes breeding varieties, hybrids, cultivated South American potato species Solanum andigenum Juz. et Buk, Solanum chilotanum Hawkes.Results. The collection is a unique genetic material that is of high importance in solving issues of improving the efficiency of agriculture in the country. As part of the field collection of potatoes, the source material for dangerous quarantine objects is quite widely presented: potato cancer (Synchytrium endobioticum (Schilb.) Persiva) and globoderosis (Globodera rostochiensis Woll.). There are donors of late blight resistance (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary.). There is a source material in the collection that has economically valuable characteristics: precocity, frost resistance, yield, marketability. Varieties with a high amount of phenolic compounds in the tuber pulp are also included in the field doublet collection. Such varieties are suitable for dietary nutrition and can be used in the prevention of a number of diseases.Conclusion. The collection of the collection is of great importance for applied research and for ensuring food security of the region and the country as a whole.

During the last decades increasing the harmfulness of virus pathogens on crops, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) was observed grown in intensity. The causative agent as most members of the Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards the north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of the nonchernozem belt in Russia. Searching BYMV resistance sources and creating a starting breeding material are priorities in the phytopathological research. The tasks of this stage included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of the Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program for creating high productive green bean varieties meeting the requirements of the modern market. | В последние десятилетия отмечено нарастание вредоносности вирусопатогенов на посевах с.-х культур, в частности вируса желтой мозаики фасоли – ВЖМФ (Bean yellow mosaic – BYMV). Возбудитель, как и большинство представителей рода Рotyvirus, имеет широкий круг растений-хозяев из различных семейств, в том числе и из Fabaceae. В последние годы эпифитотии регистрированы на посевах фасоли обыкновенной (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) и бобов овощных (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) в условиях умеренно-континентального климата Нечерноземной зоны РФ. Поиск источников устойчивости к ВЖМФ и создание исходного материала для селекции является в настоящее время приоритетным направлением наших фитопатологических исследований. В задачи данного этапа входили идентификация и изучение свойств московских изолятов ВЖМФ; комплексная оценка устойчивости и других хозяйственно ценных признаков коллекционного и селекционного материала фасоли овощной (810 образцов) и бобов овощных (40 образцов) лаборатории селекции и семеноводства бобовых культур Федерального научного центра овощеводства. В работе использовали методы визуальной диагностики, серологической диагностики, биотестирования и электронной микроскопии. На основании проведенных исследований выявлены особенности физико-химических характеристик московских изолятов ВЖМФ, вредоносность которых в смешанной инфекции с другими вирусами доходила до 100%. Описаны основные симптомы, вызываемые данными изолятами на растениях-индикаторах и на растениях-хозяевах в условиях Московской области. На основе оценки коллекционного и селекционного материала фасоли овощной и бобов овощных выделены источники резистентности к ВЖМФ с комплексом хозяйственно ценных признаков (скороспелость, форма и цвет боба, продуктивность и др.). Данные образцы включены в селекционную программу по созданию высокопродуктивных сортов фасоли овощной, отвечающих требованиям современного рынка.

The yield of vegetable peas in the conditions of the Omsk region is largely limited to the defeat of plants by a complex of diseases and damage by phytophages. The aim of the research was to study the collection of pea vegetable samples in Western Siberia and to identify among them most resistant to Ascochyta. The object of research was 70 samples of vegetable peas from the collections of the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, Odintsovo, Federal Research Centre All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources named after N.I. Vavilov (VIR), St. Petersburg, as well as samples obtained in the framework of cooperation with foreign breeding institutions. The experiments were conducted in the forest-steppe zone of the Omsk region in 2014-2017. As a result, it has been established that the defeat of peas by Ascochyta occurs annually, but with different intensity, depending on weather conditions. The maximum resistance of plants was observed in 2016 under conditions of severe drought (5.8 points on average), the minimum – in 2015 under moderately humid and warm weather (3.9 points on average). Late sowing contributes to a greater damage to plants by Ascochyta and reduced productivity. The relationship between resistance to Ascochyta and conditions characterizing heat and moisture supply is high negative in the initial period of plant growth: with the HTC (r = -0.98 0.13), the amount of precipitation (r = -0.86 0.35), air temperature (r = -0.67 0.24); high positive in the second half of the growing season: with HTC (r = 0.82 0.33), amount of precipitation (r = 0.68 0.35). Most of the samples during the research retained a high (29%) and medium (48%) resistance to Ascochyta. As a result of the collection's assessment, samples of vegetable peas resistant (7-8 points) to the pathogen were identified: B-1295 (k-8907, Bashkiria), Chinese (PRC), Terrace 888 (k-9376, Ukraine). These samples can be recommended as sources of resistance to Ascochyta for the selection of vegetable peas in Western Siberia. | Урожайность гороха овощного в условиях Омской области в значительной степени ограничена поражением растений комплексом болезней и повреждением фитофагами. Целью исследований было изучение коллекции образцов гороха овощного в Западной Сибири и выявление среди них наиболее устойчивых к аскохитозу. Объектом исследований являлись 70 образцов гороха овощного из коллекций Федерального научного центра овощеводства (ФНЦО), п. Одинцово, Федерального исследовательского центра Всероссийского института генетических ресурсов растений им. Н.И. Вавилова (ВИР), г. Санкт-Петербург, а также полученные в рамках сотрудничества с иностранными селекционными учреждениями. Опыты проведены в лесостепной зоне Омской области в 2014-2017 гг. В результате установлено, что поражение гороха аскохитозом проявляется ежегодно, но с разной интенсивностью, в зависимости от погодных условий. Максимальная устойчивость растений наблюдалось в 2016 г. в условиях острой засухи (в среднем 5,8 баллов), минимальная – в 2015 г. при умеренно влажной и теплой погоде (в среднем 3,9 балла). Поздний посев способствует большему поражению растений аскохитозом и снижению продуктивности. Зависимость между устойчивостью к аскохитозу и условиями, характеризующими тепло- и влагообеспеченность, сильная отрицательная в начальный период роста растений: с ГТК (r= -0,98 0,13), количеством осадков (r= -0,86 0,35), температурой воздуха (r= -0,67 0,24); сильная положительная во второй половине вегетации: с ГТК (r=0,82 0,33), количеством осадков (r=0,68 0,35). Большинство образцов за время исследований сохранили высокую (29%) и среднюю (48%) устойчивость к аскохитозу. В результате оценки коллекции выделены образцы гороха овощного, устойчивые (7-8 баллов) к патогену: Б-1295 (к-8907, Башкирия), Китайский (КНР), Терасс 888 (к-9376, Украина). Эти образцы могут быть рекомендованы в качестве источников устойчивости к аскохитозу для селекции гороха овощного в Западной Сибири.

Clubroot disease (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) is among the most economically important and harmful diseases of the cole crops. In the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center annual monitoring the biological agent dissemination, buts also a phytoimmunological evaluationof collection and selection specimens and also directional material are carried out in order to find new resistance sources. For this purpose an artificial infection background is used: compost obtained from decomposed nodules on the cabbage roots affected with clubroot disease (infection load 10sup5sup-10/sup6/sup spores/cm3) was applied. The resistance of white cabbage varieties was evaluated during the harvesting period using a 5-point scale of the root system damage, which formed the basis for categorization into resistance groups. For the analysis of artificial background intensity and specimen ranking plants of the white cabbage variety Slava 1305 (a susceptibility standard) were randomly planted throughout the infectious area. The influence of weather conditions of the research year on the results of phytopathological evaluation of the breeding cabbage samples with infection was shown. Under unfavorable conditions for pathogen development (2014) most specimens (74%) were categorized as relatively resistant, while in pathogen favourable year - 2015 such samples comprised only 5% of the total number of studied specimens. Since the same specimen may show a different level of resistance depending on the year conditions, the stability of character manifestation is the important criterion for identification of the resistance sources. Phytopathological evaluation aimed at selection of clubroot-resistant forms in the Moscow region should last at least three years even with the use of infection background. Long-lasting evaluation showed that the strains No 234/15, 140/14, 216/17 exhibiting high resistance to clubroot against artificial infection background regardless of the year conditions are the most valuable for selection. | Одним из наиболее экономически значимых и опасных заболеваний капустных культур является кила, (возбудитель – Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.). В Федеральном научном центра овощеводства проводят не только ежегодный мониторинг распространения возбудителя, но и непрерывную фитоиммунологическую оценку коллекционных и селекционных образцов, а также линейного материала с целью поиска новых источников устойчивости. Для этого используют искусственный инфекционный фон: вносят компост из разложившихся желваков корней капусты, пораженных килой (инфекционная нагрузка – 10sup5sup-10/sup6/sup спор/см3). Оценку на устойчивость сортообразцов капусты белокочанной проводили в период уборки по 5-ти балльной шкале поражения корневой системы, на основании которой образцы дифференцировали по группам устойчивости. Для анализа напряженности искусственного фона и ранжирования образцов рендомизированно по всей площади инфекционного высаживали растения сорта Слава 1305 – стандарта восприимчивости. Показано влияние погодных условий года исследования на результаты фитопатологической оценки селекционных образцов капусты на инфекционном фоне. При неблагоприятных условиях для развития патогена (2014 г.) большая часть образцов (74%) вошла в группу относительно устойчивых, тогда как в благоприятном 2015 г. таких образцов было всего 5% от общего числа изученных. Поскольку один и тот же образец может проявлять разную степень устойчивости в зависимости от условий года, то при выделении источников устойчивости важным критерием является стабильность проявления признака. Фитопатологическую оценку с целью отбора устойчивых форм к киле в Московской области необходимо проводить не менее трех лет, даже с использованием инфекционного фона. По результатам многолетней оценки, наиболее селекционно ценными являются линии №№ 234/15, 140/14, 216/17, у которых независимо от условий года проявлялась высокая устойчивость к киле на искусственном инфекционном фоне.