The data on the greenhouse tomato culture productivity in the long turnover (February November) without application of artificial light are presented. The plants were grown using small-volume hydroponic technology on mineral wool in the industrial greenhouse of LLC "Prigorodny" (Syktyvkar, 61° 40′ 35″ N, 50° 48′ 35″ E). Tomato seeds (hybrid Starbuck F1) were sown in early December 2016. The seedlings were illuminated for 19 h daily with the high-pressure sodiumvapor reflector lamps (HPSV-400W / REFLUX) with an installed power of 130 W/m2. In early February 2017 plants at the age of 4245 days were transferred to the greenhouse and grown at density of 2 plants per square meter under natural lighting conditions. The dependence between the light intensity at leaf level and the natural light entering the greenhouse was studied. In spring sunny days, the light intensity at the level of the upper leaves did not exceed the 450500 μmol quanta/m2s, and in cloudy weather was 2-3 times lower. It was found that the saturation of leaf CO2-uptake by light took place at intensity of 800-1000 μmol quanta/m2s. The leaves formed under light deficiency had lowered photosynthetic activity (near 3 μmol СО2/m2s). The maximal productivity of tomato culture was observed during maximum light levels and sunny period (June-July). The average value of tomato productivity was about 34 kg/m2. The data show the possibility of producing commercial tomato yield in the first light zone without artificial lighting, which significantly reduces production costs.

The development of ideas about the influence of the light environment (the radiation spectrum, intensity and duration of exposure) on the physiology of plants, serves as the basis for the creation of effective light sources for protected ground. The purpose of the work is comparative test of the influence of a light environment with different spectral composition on the productivity and quality of tomatoes. Investigations were made under controlled conditions of intensive photoculture when growing dwarf tomatoes of the variety Natasha bred in the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center on thin-layer soil counterparts (TSC) with the supply of a nutrient solution to the plant roots through a slit capillary in vegetative light installations developed at the Agrophysical Research Institute. The light sources were high-pressure sodium lamps and LED lamps SD1, SD2, and SD3 with different emission spectra (yellow, pink and close to solar, respectively). Tomatoes plants illuminated during development with HPS lamps formed an average yield of 8.5 kg/m2. The plants grown under LED lamps exhibited a tendency to lower productivity (less by 29% under SD1 and by 8% under SD2) and to higher (more by 19%) under underSD3 compared to that under HPS lamps. A comparative assessment of the biochemical composition of tomato fruits indicates their high quality under all tested light sources irrespective of light sources. It has been concluded that the best productivity (10.5 kg/m2) with good quality products is achieved by cultivating dwarf tomato varieties on TSC under LED lamps SD3 having a radiation spectrum maximum close to sunlight. | Развитие представлений о влиянии световой среды (спектра излучения, интенсивности и продолжительности воздействия) на физиологию растений служит основой для создания эффективных источников света для защищенного грунта. Цель работы - сравнительное испытание влияния световой среды с различным спектральным составом на продуктивность и качество томатов. Исследования проводили в регулируемых условиях интенсивной светокультуры при выращивании томата карликового сорта Наташа, выведенного в Федеральном центре овощеводства, на тонкослойных аналогах почвы (ТАП) с подачей питательного раствора к корням растений по щелевому капилляру в вегетационных светоустановках, разработанных Агрофизическим НИИ. Источниками света служили натриевые лампы высокого давления и светодиодные светильники СД1, СД2 и СД3 с различными спектрами излучения (соответственно, желтым, розовым и близким к солнечному). Растения томата, освещаемые в процессе развития лампами ДНаЗ, сформировали в среднем урожайность 8,5 кг/м2. Растения, выращенные под светодиодными светильниками, показали тенденцию к более низкой продуктивности (меньше на 29% под СД1 и на 8% под СД2) и к более высокой (больше на 19%) под СД3 по сравнению с таковой под лампами ДНаЗ. Сравнительная оценка биохимического состава плодов томата свидетельствует о высоком их качестве вне зависимости от источника света. Сделан вывод, что наилучшая продуктивность (10,5 кг/м2) при хорошем качестве продукции достигается при культивировании карликовых сортов томата на ТАП под светодиодными светильниками СД3, спектр излучения которых максимально близок к солнечному свету.