In the he article are presented the research result on effectiveness of application new form of urea on potato. New urea form is urea with urease inhibitors. This fertilities type allow to reduce losses of nitrogen in ammonium form. Field experiment was carried out in 2017 on solonetc light chestnut soils with heavy granulometric compound in the conditions of the Volgograd region in the experimental polygon of the lower Volga agricultural research Institute – branch of Federal state budgetary scientific institution "Federal scientific center for agro-ecology, integrated land reclamation and protective afforestation wounds". As an object of research used potatoes mid-early table varieties Nevsky. The advantage of a new fertilizer form is the yield increase and improvement of tubers quality. Urea UTEC application leads to formation bigger and uniform tuber size. The use of urea UTEC provide the potato yield of 56.4 t/ha, with marketable tubers fraction up to 54.82 t/ha, the total yield increase to the control – 35.6%, in monetary terms this amounted to 245887.0 RUB/ha additional profit. Under these conditions, was obtained lowest amount of non-marketable yield – 0.16 t/ha, which is 2.65 times less than in the control variant. The advantage of urea UTEC application in comparison with ammonium nitrate was the increase in the yield of marketable potatoes by 5.1 t/ha and an additional profit up to 76.8 thousand rubles/ha. The Assessment of the potato quality showed that the best treatment was also the treatment with UTEC urea, the starch content in tubers was 9.22%. Note that almost the same value of the indicator in the variant with the use of urea (option 2), and the lowest starch content was noted when using ammonium nitrate – 9.05%.

Relevance. Vegetable soybean is a special variety with high added value, consumed fresh and harvested at the stage technical ripeness (R6). Accession-A is one of the promising vegetable soybean materials, studied and identified as a result of work that was carried out jointly with the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center in the Moscow Region (FSVC) and the Agrobiotechnology Department of the Agricultural Technological Institute (ATI) of the RUDN University named after Patrice Lumumba. The use of microorganisms to promote atmospheric nitrogen fixation is a common practice in soybean production.Methodology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two microbiological preparations based on Sinorhizobium fredii and Bradyrhizobium jaроniсum in order to identify which microbiological preparation gives the best results in terms of morphological indicators and vegetable soybean yield under the conditions region of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation. The object of the study was accession-A of vegetable soybean. Two types of treatment were carried out: B1 – treatment with a preparation with Bradyrhizobium jaronicum (1 l/t of seeds), B2 – treatment with a preparation with Sinorhizobium fredii (1 l/t of seeds). Control without treatment (K).Results. According to statistical analysis of biometric indicators, it was found that treatment with S. fredii (B2) had the highest average values for indicators of stem diameter (11.50 mm), lower pod attachment height (11.19 cm), number of branches (3.40 pcs.) and the number of productive nodes (27.48 pcs.). Preparation B2 improved the structure of the crop, influencing the obtainment of the highest indicators of plant weight (30.47 g), seed weight per plant (15.33 g), weight of 1000 seeds (171.25 g), number of seeds per plant (98.50 pcs.), number of seeds in a bean (2.89 pcs.) and seed yield (3.11 t/ha). The use of microbiological preparations based on B. japonicum and S. fredii gave better results compared to the control treatment.

Relevance. Potatoes belong to crops that place high demands on the level of mineral nutrition. He needs nitrogen especially badly. Timely introduction of calculated doses of nitrogen fertilizers based on the results of photometric diagnostics of plants allows rational use of fertilizers and increase potato yields.Material and methods. The studies were carried out in the conditions of the Central region of the Non-Chernozem zone on sod-podzolic medium loamy soils with a high content of mobile forms of phosphorus and potassium and a low humus content (1,9%). The object of research is an early-ripening potato variety Bullfinch. To recalculate the dose of nitrogen fertilizing, photometric diagnostics of crops was carried out with an optical sensor GreenSeeker RT200. Additionally, before and after fertilizing, a manual N-tester Yara was examined. Before the main harvest, a control digging of tubers was carried out to determine the structure of the crop with division into 4 fractions.Results. It was found that the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers into the top dressing during the closing phase of the tops in the form of ammonium nitrate has a generally favorable effect on the growth and development of potatoes. This is confirmed by the results of photometric diagnostics performed by the Yara N-tester during the withering phase of the tops. When applying top dressing with a fixed dose, the N-tester readings were 21,7% higher than in the control, and when applying fertilizers with a differentiated dose by 25,6%. The yield of potato tubers increased when applying a fixed dose of top dressing by 10,8%, differentiated by 14,5% compared to the control.

For the production of onions, first of all, the proper organization of its nutrition is necessary. Both its productivity and product quality depend on this. First of all, onion nutrition requires mineral fertilizers containing macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The quality of onions, their physiology and productivity depend on the application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, the need for which and the efficiency of use by plants vary depending on climatic factors, irrigation systems, varietal differences, soil and production conditions of cultivation in growing areas. This review examines in detail the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, as the main components of mineral nutrition, on the growth, physiology and yield of onion. The review includes various databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, SciFinder, Web of Science, RSCI, etc., online sources (Research Gate, Springer Nature Open Access, Wiley Online Library, etc.) are used.

Relevance. The effectiveness of fertilizers depends on the need of plants for nutrients and on the ability of the soil to meet this need. According to the Research Institute of Raw Materials of the Alcohol Industry, the responsiveness of chicory to individual substances changes dramatically during the growing season. In the first period of its development, chicory responds sharply positively only to phosphorus. In the future, the phosphorus efficiency remains stable for two months and by the end of the growing season, attenuation begins. The potash efficiency, on the contrary, is low in the first months, and by the end of the growing season, in contrast to the action of phosphorus, it gives a sharp rise. The efficiency of nitrogen during the growing season occupies an average position between the efficiency of phosphorus and potassium.Methodology. The aim of the research was to identify the most effective doses of macro- and microelements and methods of their application (basic and top dressing) to ensure maximum yields of root chicory root crops. The experiments were carried out in the Nonchernozem zone of the Russian Federation in the Rostov district of the Yaroslavl region on the experimental field of the Rostov experimental station for chicory¬ – a branch of the FSBSI FSVC.Results. As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that an increase in the dose of nitrogen nutrition against the background of phosphorus-potassium fertilizer increased the yield of root chicory root crops, fractional application of mineral fertilizers is more effective compared to the main application, the introduction of boron and cobalt increased the content of inulin and sugars in root crops. The inulin content increased as the dose of nitrogen fertilizers increased.