The development of cheap and rapid breeding methods to breed  the lines used for  hybrid  F1  production  is a very actual task. The study was carried out with a use of radish varieties originated at VNIISSOK and breeding lines obtained by crossing components of different origin with male  sterility  in  winter  glass  greenhouse.  The  mother plants were grown  on the trays Plantec 64, while seedplants were grown in plastic pots of 1 liter capacity. The some morphobiological features such as the small habitus of see-plant; smaller number of secondary branching and absence of following branches; and consequently, the low yield of seeds were revealed in seed-plants of radish being grown in plastic pots. The period of ontogenesis in radish at first winter-spring rotation with this cultivation approach was reduced to 92 days. At the second summer-autumn rotation with additional lighting the duration of period of ontogenesis was essentially shorter than in the first rotation.  The utilization of  small-volume capacities in winter glass greenhouse to grow the radish seed-plants has permitted to produce two generations a year.

The morphological marker characteristics of the flower and cytological features of microgametogenesis and microsporo-genesis in sterile plants have been studied to identify and select plants bearing Ogura male sterility type. As result of analysis of hybrid plants and inbreeding progenies based on male sterile form of Japanese radish the three groups of progenies were observed with 100 % of sterile plants, all of them are to be the initial breeding lines for production of radish hybrids F1.

The study of the dynamics of plant growth and yield of vegetable crops (carrot variety Absheron winter (Daucus carota subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schьbl.) and radish variety Virovsky white (Raphanus sativus var.radicula Pers.)) was conducted in the field conditions after presowing exposure to different temperatures: I option – sowing of seeds exposed to low temperatures (for 15 days the swollen for 24 hours seeds were kept at a temperature of 0±1°С); Option II - sowing of seeds exposed to variable temperatures (for 5 days, the swollen for 24 hours seeds were exposed to variable temperatures of + 20°C (8 hours) and 0±1°C (16 hours) and then 10 days at a temperature of 0±1°C; K1 – sowing dry seeds; K2 – sowing soaked seeds. The impact on the seeds of low and variable temperatures caused an increase in growth processes, both in radish and carrot. Both studied crops showed a tendency to increase the yield to a greater extent when exposed to swollen seeds with variable temperatures. Thus, the average weight of radish crops exceeded the control variant by 47.1% and carrots by 27.6%. The yield of root crops per m2 increased by 36.4% for radish and 30.0% for carrot. To increase the productivity of vegetable crops, we recommend using the studied methods of pre-sowing seed treatment in practice.

On the base of comparative assessment and average data estimation from 2010 to 2015, the characteristics of 11 cultivars bred at VNIISSOK were described regarding yield capacity and its components, variation, interdependencies at two sowing terms winter,spring time, direction of selection and cultivar uses at cultivar maintaining breeding program. Cultivar 'Koroleva Margo' is rather used in breeding program for yield capacity and taste qualities. Cultivar 'Sonata' is a source of such features as early maturity, valuable biochemical content and low nitrate accumulation. Cultivar 'Sofit' is known to bear early maturity and simultaneous seed maturation. 'Ariya' is a source of cylindrical root shape and early maturation. Cultivar 'Teplichnyi Gribovskyi' is used in breeding program for early maturation and simultaneous seed maturation. Cultivar 'Feya' bearsresistance to bolting and valuable biochemical substances. Cultivar 'Variant' has such features as root density, ability to grow under low lighting, short-term storability.  Purple-red with white tips is a newmade cultivar 'Mavr' suitable for breeding program for valuable biochemical content, unusual root color, also bearing male sterile forms (MS) for heterosis hybrid breeding. Out of all cultivars regarded, 'Mokhovskiy' is only a genetic source to breed radish forms with edible leaves. The positive weak dependence was revealed between cultivar biochemical characteristics, root weight, dry matter  content, and nitrate content; whereas the positive middle dependence is revealed with sugar contents and negative dependence with ascorbic acid content. According to  iochemical characteristics, the best cultivar population as 'Ariya', 'Sonata' (ascorbic acid); Mavr, Sonata, Variant (dry matter, sugars) have been chosen. Cultivars 'Koroleva Margo', Pheya, Sonata, Sophit, Mokhovskiy are the initial breeding accessions for selection of new cultivar population, MS and MF lines needed for heterosis.

The data of spring-summer sowing time of vegetable root crops of the family Brassicaceae in the open filed are presented. Five varieties and three hybrids of daikon, seven varieties of radish, and four varieties of turnip were tested. Based on the results, the minimal and maximal root weight for each time of sowing were determined; average fresh weight of vegetable roots for three years of investigation was accounted.

The results of winter and spring sowing times of vegetable root crops of Brassicaceae family in protected area are presented. Five varieties and three hybrids of daikon, seven varieties of radish, and five varieties of turnip were studied. The minimal and maximal weight of roots for each sowing time was revealed. The average weight of products over three years of research was calculated.

Data of the development of leaf assimilation apparatus of radish during vegetative period up to industrial ripeness are presented. The morphological traits of four radish varieties of South Korea’s breeding were studied.

The result of collaboration work between Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding, the branch of The Institute of Cytology and Genetics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) and the company OOO Geterozisnaya Selectia on ecological trial and assessment of economically valuable traits were obtained in promising radish accessions. The data on influence of sowing terms on yielding ability, formation of flower bearing stalks was analyzed and morphological descriptions for radish accessions were given. It was shown that the development of marketable radish roots can be possible in condition of long lasting light period. When sowing in the second decade of June less number of flower stalks formed on the plants than on the control plants of ‘Raniy Krasniy’. The sowing in the first decade of August did not give any plants with flower stalks in accessions 17-12 and 17-13. The highest yield at first sowing term was observed in accession 17-12 at second sowing term in accession 17-13, 5.6 and 6.1 kg/m2 respectively. The accession 17-12 was distinguished by root weight, 19.2 g. The highest dry matter content (5.31%) was observed in accession 17-11; the highest total sugar content (2.18%) was in accession 17-12; the highest ascorbic acid content (25.1 mg %) was in accession 17-13. The comparative analysis of data on summer and autumn sowing terms showed that when sowing in summer time, at long lasting light period the radish accessions were characterized by the more number of plants with flower stalks; more developed leaf apparatus; larger roots and enriched biochemical composition as compared with the accessions sown in autumn time. All accessions tested belonged to early-maturing group, where the root formation takes for 22-25 days. For economically valuable traits the accessions 17-12 and 17-13 were selected out.

A biochemical evaluation of 25 radish accessions (Raphanus sativus L.) on esterase isozymes of mature seeds has been carried out. The results of the experiments showed a wide range of diversity among the genotypes based on electrophoretic zones of esterase isoenzymes. The revealed isoenzyme complex of esterases was represented by eight isoforms with molecular weights from 37.7 kD to 57.6 kD. All accessions were divided into 13 electrophoretic zymotypes, differing from each other by the presence or absence of definite zones. The most often observed electrophoretic zymo-type is Gr. 1, which includes 24% of the total number of accessions evaluated. There are 8 zymotypes (Gr. 6 Gr. 13) with a frequency of occurrence 4%. Three groups (Gr. 2 – Gr. 4) had the same frequency of occurrence – 12%. Zimotype of Gr. 5 containes the maximum number of zones – 8. 2 zimotypes – Gr. 3 and Gr. 12 had the smallest number of 4 zones. Two zones of esterases – zones 7 and 8 (Мr 39.7кD and Мr 37.7 kD, respectively) were monomorphic. The remaining six zones were polymorphic, i.e. could be absent in some zimotypes. The frequency of occurrence of each zone in different zymotypes has varied from 6.58% to 17.11%. As results of this research the accessions that were selected can become the most promising parent forms for future genetic and selection studies of this culture.

One of directions of radish breeding is creation of varieties with an unusual combination of color and form of a root crop. The article presents the results of the breeding work with radish and introduces description of 7 new radish varieties.