Relevance and methods. Among vegetable crops, root crops are particularly popular among the population both in the Russian Federation and abroad: carrots, beetroot, radish, turnips and parsnips, which are sources of various vitamins. A significant share in the structure of production and acreage is occupied by carrot and beetroot. According to FAOSTAT data, in 2018, the Russian Federation produced  1508 thousand tons of carrot and 837 thousand tons of beetroot, which is 60 and 30%, respectively, of the existing needs, even the import of these products does not fully meet them. Based on the strategy of food security, in order to increase the population's supply with domestic products, it is necessary not only to increase the acreage, but also to quickly introduce F1 varieties and hybrids of domestic selection that meet the requirements of industrial technologies.Results. Given these requirements, breeders, FSBSI Federal Scientific Vegetable Center, using classical and modern methods to accelerate the breeding process, developed varieties and hybrids table root crops. Carrot F1 Nadezda (variety Nantes), F1 Rif (variety Shantane) with a yield of more than 90 t/ha, high uniformity, safety 95-98%, group resistance to diseases storage, Margosha variety (variety Nantes/Berlicum) with a stable yield at least 100 t/ha, high environmental resistance; single- and double-seeded varieties of beets, Bordo odnosemyannaya, Lubava, Gaspadynya, with a marketability level of 95-98%, intensely colored pulp without clearly defined rings; Japanese Geisha and snow maiden turnips with edible leaves and juicy tender root pulp and ultra-ripe forms of Sapfir, Biryuza and Selecta for flow hydroponics; precocious varieties of radish Aria, Sonata, myth and moor resistant to stalk and high ascorbic acid content.

The study was carried out in 2011-2013 with the use of local variety of root chicory ‘Yaroslavskyi’. It was shown that application of green manure crops such as pea-oat mixes and fertilizers significantly raised the number of leaves from 11, as in control to 20.6, as it was observed in variant after ploughing pea-oat mixes supplemented with N60P60K120 + В + humate. The well-developed leaf apparatus and improved photosynthetic potential in plant have been obtained up to 1.54 million m2 days/ha. Green manure crop precursors had a positive impact on weed infestation in crop area. The least number of weeds was observed with application of pea-oat mixes as precursors, 15.8 pcs /m2. The analysis of fertilizer action showed that the highest yield of chicory roots, 38.4 ton/ha had been observed with supplementation of fertilizers in rates N60P60K120 + В, and plant treatment with humates, where the addition was in ratio to fertilized ground of 13.5 ton/ha or 54,2%. According to three-year-results the following variant oat+pea+ N60P60K120 + В + humates had been recommended to be submitted for experimental and production trial testing. With application of recommended variant the more vigorous development of leaf apparatus was observed. The cultivation of chicory on pea-oat mixes supplemented with mineral fertilizers and ‘Humistar’ gave the improvement in yield for all years of testing and was on the average 40,8 ton/ha, or 129,5% to control variant. The conditional net profit was 129.1 thousand rubles/ha; true cost was 2.8 thousand rubles/ha; profitability was 56.3%.

Cтоловые корнеплоды (морковь, свекла столовая, редис, репа, пастернак и др.) являются источниками разнообразных витаминов и биологически активных веществ, поэтому они популярны во всем мире. Значительную долю в структуре производства и посевных площадей занимают морковь и свекла столовая. Согласно данным FAOSTAT, в 2018 г. в РФ произведено 1508 тыс. т моркови и 837 тыс. т свеклы столовой, что составляет 60% и 30% соответственно от существующих потребностей, даже импорт этой продукции не позволяет полностью их удовлетворить. Исходя из стратегии продовольственной безопасности, для повышения обеспеченности населения отечественной продукцией необходимо не только увеличение посевных площадей, но и быстрое внедрение сортов и гибридов F1 отечественной селекции, отвечающих требованиям промышленных технологий. С учетом этих требований в Федеральном научном центре овощеводства созданы сорта и гибриды столовых корнеплодов. Морковь столовая: F1 Надежда (сортотип Нантская), F1 Риф (сортотип Шантенэ) с урожайностью более 90 т/га, высокой выровненностью, сохранностью 95-98%, групповой устойчивостью к болезням хранения, сорт Маргоша (сортотип Нантская/Берликум) со стабильной урожайностью до 90 т/га, высокой экологической пластичностью. Одно-двусемянные сорта свеклы столовой: Бордо односемянная, Любава, Гаспадыня, с уровнем товарности 95-98%, с интенсивно окрашенной мякотью без четко выраженных колец. Репа японская Гейша и Снегурочка со съедобными листьями и сочной нежной мякотью корнеплода и ультраскороспелые формы Сапфир, Бирюза и Селекта для проточной гидропоники; скороспелые сорта редиса Ария, Соната, Миф и Мавр, устойчивые к стеблеванию и высоким содержанием аскорбиновой кислоты. Внедрение указанных сортов и гибридов в производство обеспечит хозяйствам стабильную прибыль. Государственная поддержка отечественных селекционеров поможет сделать овощеводство инвестиционно привлекательной отраслью. | Table root crops: carrots, beetroot, radish, turnips and parsnips and others are sources of various vitamins and biologically active substances, so, they are popular in the world. A significant share in the structure of production and acreage is occupied by carrot and beetroot. According to the FAOSTAT data, in 2018, the Russian Federation produced 1508 thousand t of carrot and 837 thousand t of beetroot, which is 60 and 30%, respectively, of the existing needs, even the import of these products does not fully meet them. Based on the strategy of food security, in order to increase the population's supply with domestic products, it is necessary not only to increase the acreage, but also to quickly introduce F1 varieties and hybrids of domestic selection that meet the requirements of industrial technologies. Given these requirements, the Federal Scientific Vegetable Center has developed varieties and hybrids table root crops. Carrot F1 Nadezda (variety Nantskaya), F1 Rif (variety Shantane) with a stable yield of more than 90 t/ha, high uniformity, safety 95-98%, group resistance to storage diseases, Margosha variety (variety Nantskaya /Berlicum) with a stable yield at least 100 t/ha, high environmental resistance; single- and double-seeded varieties of beets, Bordo odnosemyannaya, Lubava, Gaspadynya, with a marketability level of 95-98%, intensely colored pulp without clearly defined rings; Japanese Geisha and Snegurochka turnips with edible leaves and juicy tender root pulp and ultra-ripe forms of Sapfir, Biryuza and Selekta for flow hydroponics; precocious varieties of radish Aria, Sonata, Mif and Mavr resistant to shooting and with a high ascorbic acid content.