Relevance. Ethiopians have a long history of planting trees, and they have embraced the idea of keeping natural trees with many uses as a distinctive feature of their agricultural landscapes. Farmers use agroforestry practices to maintain a number of species of multipurpose trees. The selection of tree species, their intended benefits, and ecological services are inconsistent due to variability in agroecological conditions. The main problems with Ethiopia's multifunctional agroforestry tree species were also related to management approaches.Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the multipurpose agroforestry tree species in Ethiopia, their management methods, and their ecological benefits. In southern Ethiopia, Cordia africana, Millettia ferruginea, Erythrina brucei, and Olea capensis are the main multifunctional tree species used. The northern part of Ethiopia hosts Croton macrostachus, Vernonia amygdalina, Faidherbia albida, Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal, and Grewia bicolor. The central highlands of Ethiopia are also home to Albizia gummifera, Cordia africana, Croton macrostachus, Ficus vasta, and Vernonia amygdalina. Farmers use coppicing, pollarding, and pruning tree management techniques to balance their survival with integrated crops because trees regenerate naturally. Multipurpose trees offer a range of agro-ecological services, such as improving soil fertility, mitigating erosion, mitigating the impacts of climate change, and maintaining biological diversity.

The basic problem of breeding of onions, including development of varieties and hybrids, characterized by high yield, early maturity, marketable product that are grown in different regions of the country is described in the article. The combination of resistance to pests and diseases in the same variety/hybrid is the most problematic. Interspecific hybridization of onions is promising, as a result of which, along with resistance to diseases, provided early spring regrowth of plants, their high shoot formation, the long period of return of greenery as well as a high solids content, vitamins, and volatile production in the bulbs and aboveground mass. Perennial onions are donors of cold and frost resistance. VNIISSOK scientists, Omsk Agricultural Institute and other institutions in the country set up a number of interspecific hybrids with wild species of onions, which are of undoubted interest for practical use. However, a significant portion of perennial species is not compatible with cultivated ones. The main reason is the different number of chromosomes in parents, and hence irregularities in meiosis and sterile progeny. To overcome the sterility of hybrids there are effective methods of modern biotechnology, including the embryo culture in vitro and polyploidization. The initial material for research is the collection of VIR, with more than 3,000 samples and diverse breeding material obtained by breeders of our country.

The key development stages and results of breeding and seed production of cole crops in VNIISSOK are shown. The main directions of breeding and seed production of cole crops in modern times are determined.

The studies found that in the crosses of S. melongena with wild species, used as a male and female component, the interspecific hybrids have the traits of the generative organs of wild species: the shape and flower size, color, shape and fruit size.

The article presents a brief history of the establishment of the Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Seed Production of Solanaceae Crops of FSBSI FSVC. The process of development of tomato, pepper, eggplant and physalis breeding is shown from the beginning of the establishment until the present time. Practical selection of Solanaceae crops in FSBSI FSVC is directly connected with the name of Academician VASKhNIL A.V. Alpatyev, who is the founder of scientific research on thermophilic crops. On the basis of conducted scientific researches the technique of creation of cold-resistant, early-ripening cultivars of tomato was developed, including influence of certain conditions on parental forms and hybrid material from its first generations to increase adaptability to new, not characteristic conditions of selected material. Subsequently, this technique was applied to the breeding of sweet pepper, eggplant and physalis. Interspecific hybridisation was used to enrich the gene pool of Solanaceous crops. As a result of distant hybridization, the following cultivars were created: the original tomato cultivar Severyanin with large parthenocarpic fruits on 1 and 2 racemes; an anadrous mutant for use in breeding; ultra-rapid, short-stage forms for obtaining heterosis effect; the cultivar Vkusny with increased content of dry matter in fruits. On the basis of interspecific hybrid of Ph. ixocarpa x Ph. angulata, the cultivars Dessert and Lakomka, characterized by high yield and resistance to diseases, high content of sugars, pectin and absence of bitterness, are created. Types of pepper Capsicum chinense, C. frutescens and C. annuum were used to create resistant forms to viral diseases. Involvement of wild eggplant species (Solanum aethiopicum, S. macrocarpon) to the breeding process allowed to obtain hybrid combinations with flavonoids content 1,3 times higher and phenolcarboxylic acids 1,6–1,7 times higher than in S. melongena.The development of theoretical bases ofSolanaceae crops breeding for resistance to biotic and abiotic stressors, as well as for high quality production, allowed to create a series of cosmopolitan cultivars, which at present are in demand, both in production and as a source material. The current scientific priorities are to use innovative biotechnology and molecular marking methods to accelerate the breeding process and improve selection efficiency.

The description of new varieties and F1 hybrids of different species and subspecies of cole crops of VNIISSOK's breeding are represented

In the Moscow region, for a long-term species of onion in winter, a complex of limiting factors determines their winter hardiness. To characterize the period from November to March 2014-2017, the winter severity index (Woz) was calculated on a scale from 0 to 10 points (0 - very soft, 10 - very severe). The severity of winter in 2014-2015 was 2.91 points, 2015-2016 - 3.14 points, 2016-2017 - 4.75 points. The average percentage of overwintered plants for each sample was determined by the ratio of the number of living plants to the number of dead plants. Many varieties of Welsh onion were not sufficiently winter-hardy, including Krasny, Podsnezhnik, Russky razmer, Krasavets, Aprelsky, Russky zimny. Stably high 100% winter hardiness was shown by a variety of Welsh onion Zelenye peryshki. From the studied 71 species and 194 samples of onions of perennial different ecological and geographical origin under the conditions of the Moscow region in the subgenus Amerallium plants A. neapolitanum Cirillo (Molium section) and A. ursinum L. (section Arctoprasum), and also in the subgenus Nectaroscordum A. bulgaricum plants (Janka) Prodn (section Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Gren. and Godr.) in the winter of 2014-2015 died completely. Winter in 2016-2017 in the subgenus Rhizirideum, section Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch A. senescens L. was overwintered by plants 75%, A. nutans L. – 90-95% depending on the sample, A. stellarianum Willd. 15 %. In subgenus Melanocrommyum, section Melanocrommyum Webb and Berthel. s.s. plants A. cyrillii Ten. 75% overwintered. In the subgenus Butomissa, sections Butomissa (Salisb.) Kamelin plants Allium odorum L. 86-93% overwintered depending on the sample. In the subgenus Cepa, the section Schoenoprasum Dum. plants A. ledebourianum Schult. and Schult. overwintered 75%. 100% of the remaining species overwintered. | В Московской области для многолетних видов луков в зимний период складывается комплекс лимитирующих факторов, определяющих их зимостойкость. Для характеристики периода ноябрь-март 2014-2017 гг. был рассчитан индекс суровости зимы (Woz) по шкале от 0 до 10 баллов (0 – очень мягкая, 10 – очень суровая). Степень суровости зимы 2014-2015 гг. составила 2,91 балла, 2015-2016 гг. – 3,14 балла, 2016-2017 гг. – 4,75 балла. Средний процент перезимовавших растений по каждому образцу определяли отношением числа живых растений к числу погибших. Многие сорта лука батуна оказались недостаточно зимостойкими, в том числе Красный, Подснежник, Русский размер, Красавец, Апрельский, Русский зимний. Стабильно высокую100% зимостойкость показал сорт лука батуна Зеленые перышки. Из изученных 71 вида и 194 образцов луков многолетних различного эколого-географического происхождения в условиях Московской области в подроде Amerallium растения A. neapolitanum Cirillo (секции Molium) и A. ursinum L. (секция Arctoprasum), а также в подроде Nectaroscordum растения A. bulgaricum (Janka) Prodn (секция Nectaroscordum (Lindl.) Gren. and Godr.) в зиму 2014-2015 гг. погибли полностью. Зиму 2016-2017 гг. в подроде Rhizirideum, секции Rhizirideum G. Don ex Koch растения A. senescens L. перезимовали 75%, A. nutans L. – 90-95% в зависимости от образца, A. stellarianum Willd. – 15%. В подроде Melanocrommyum, секции Melanocrommyum Webb and Berthel. s.s. растения A. cyrillii Ten. перезимовали 75%. В подроде Butomissa, секции Butomissa (Salisb.) Kamelin растения Allium odorum L. перезимовали 86-93% в зависимости от образца. В подроде Cepa, секции Schoenoprasum Dum. растения A. ledebourianum Schult. and Schult. перезимовали 75%. Остальные виды перезимовали 100%.